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by the transfer of solar energy at and near the Earth's surface.
Radioactive decay
Heat transfer more specifically convection. That is what makes wind. No sun no wind
Freezing rate depends on the surface area, the heat transfer medium, and its temperature. If it is a thin layer (large surface area) of water it would freeze faster than a thick layer (smaller surface area). A liquid heat transfer medium, like liquid nitrogen, would have a higher heat transfer rate than a gas, like air. Lastly, the colder the heat transfer medium, the faster the heat transfer rate, the faster the water would freeze.
Convection.
There a a few words in German that are used to mean "protector".It depends on the context in which it is used.A "protector" as in a "Bodygaurd" then it is "Beschützer" (old fashioned "Protektor").A "protector" as in someone who protects his subjects (a Lord or King) is called a "Schutzherr".A "protector" as in a guard on a machine or moving parts is called "Schutzeinrichtung".A "protector" as in a to protect an edge or surface of an object is a "schoner".
The transfer of energy inside the Earth effects its surface by warming it.
it is ratio of the total heat transfer from the surface area associated with both the fins and exposed portion of the base to maximum heat transfer from same surface area (in ideal conditions we get maximum heat transfer)
sunspot
radiation
The U.S. National Weather service defines a gale as 34-47 knots of sustained surface wind.
Because it increases the surface area available for transfer of materials.
Throughflow is the tranfer of water through th soil. Surface runoff is the transfer of water where the soil is impermeable so the transfer of water is on top of the soil.
It increases the surface area of blood that is exposed to the environment, which means there is a greater heat transfer capacity - meaning heat transfer is increased.
That depends on a few unspecified factors. Is it a sunny day, or a cloudy one? Is it windy? What kind of surface is the glass put on? If you put it on a metal surface in the sun, you will get all three modes of heat transfer: radiation, conduction and convection. If you put it on a wood surface on an overcast day, transfer will be dominated by convection.
by the transfer of solar energy at and near the Earth's surface.
Radioactive decay