Although their linear momenta are equal, their potential, kinetic, and heat energies
are different.
The gun has more heat.
Regarding potential energy, it can vary. But if the shot is anywhere near horizontal
and the shooter doesn't drop the gun, then the recoiling gun has more gravitational
potential energy at any time after the shot.
The fired bullet has more kinetic energy.
Newton said "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." The action is pushing the bullet in one direction. Reaction is the gun being pushed in the other. The energy is speed times mass. The gun masses much more than the bullet, and so will move proportionately slower than the bullet. Which is a very good thing- or the recoil of the gun would kill the shooter.
The mass of a bullet is nowhere near the mass of a gun. A bullet weighs at most a few hundred grains. Most guns weigh at least a couple of pounds, some weigh several pounds (talking about handguns and rifles).
The gun weighs MUCH more than the bullet.
A bullet fired from a gun
Which gun?
Kinetic, potential, and heat.
If the gun is stationary before the shot, then the momentum of the gun and the momentum of the bullet are equal and opposite after the shot.
Newton said "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction." The action is pushing the bullet in one direction. Reaction is the gun being pushed in the other. The energy is speed times mass. The gun masses much more than the bullet, and so will move proportionately slower than the bullet. Which is a very good thing- or the recoil of the gun would kill the shooter.
The bullet has a great deal of kinetic energy, because of its high speed. It also has a little bit of potential energy relative to the ground, because of its height above the ground.
They are exactly equal. The bullet travels faster, and weighs less. The gun recoils more slowly, but weighs much more.
Technically, a 9mm bullet has NO energy, since the bullet is the metal part that leaves the muzzle of the gun when fired. However, the 9mm Parabellum cartridge does have energy. The exact energy varies with the loading of that cartridge- but about 420 ft lbs of energy at the muzzle. Typically this is more than a .38 Special cartridge, less than a .357 Magnum cartridge.
This is conservation of momentum. You have the hot gases from the explosive charge along with the bullet moving out the barrel, away from the person. Momentum is mass times velocity. While the mass of the bullet and gases are small, the velocity is very high. So nothing was moving before the trigger was pulled, so net momentum is zero. After the trigger is pulled, the momentum is still net zero. Any momentum away from the gunner will have an equal momentum (the gun recoiling) toward him. Since the gun has much more mass than the bullet, the velocity is much less.