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Which is strong evidence that similar traits in different evolutionary lineages are the result of homology and not homoplasy?
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∙ 12y ago
The traits are also found in many intervening lineages on the tree of life
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∙ 12y ago
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What evidence is used to put together evolutionary history for the animal kingdom?
The evolutionary history of the animal kingdom is largely hypothetical and is mainly based on studying the structural homology of different creatures. Once this is done, any animals that appear to be rather similar are put into the same evolutionary thread. However, this is a rather inaccurate method, as shown by various changes and modifications made to standing theories (such as the evolution of the horse) over the years. In addition to comparative morphology, these days phylogenetic trees are mainly based on genetic assays in comparative genomics. Comparative genomics assays yield much more accurate trees than those based on morphology alone, due to phenomena like convergent evolution. Of course trees generated by these means remain fluid, as more accurate data becomes available every month. Also, evolution is per definition a stochastic phenomenon, meaning that even though trees based on genomics are vastly more accurate than trees based on morphology alone, their accuracy is not absolute.
What 3 criteria is are used to determine whether something is homology or analogy?
bla bla and bla lol I HATE BIOLOGY!!!!!!! Same basic structure, same relationship to other features and same development
Sexual reproduction in paramecium?
Paramecium are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction.Description and SignificanceParamecium are members of the phylum Ciliophora. They share many common characteristics with the rest of their phylum, but are also unique. For example, their shape is quite different from that of many other Ciliophora. They are also famous for their predator-prey relationship with Didinium. Parameciumare known for their avoidance behavior. If an encounters a negative stimiulus, it is capable of rotating up to 360 degrees to find an escape route. Genome StructureMacronuclear DNA in Paramecium has a very high gene density. The macronucleus can contain up to 800 copies of each gene. Research on the genome structure of Paramecium is still largely incomplete. However, the genomes of some species are beginning to be sequenced. For example, the complete mitochondrion genome for Paramecium aurelia has been established. The complete macronuclear genome of Paramecium tetraurelia has also been sequenced.Cell Structure and MetabolismParamecium are ciliated unicellular organisms. The cilia cover the entire body. Like other ciliates, they are multinucleated. Paramecium may eject trichocyts when they detect food, in order to better capture their prey. These trichocyts are filled with protiens. Trichocysts can also be used as a method of self-defense.Paramecium are heterotrophs. Their common form of prey is bacteria. A single organism has the ability to eat 5,000 bacteria a day. They are also known to feed on yeasts, algae, and small protozoa. Paramecium capture their prey through phagocytosis.Paramecium are capable of both sexual and asexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction is the most common, and this is accomplished by the organism dividing transversely. The macronucleus elongates and splits. Under ideal conditions, Paramecium can reproduce asexually two or three tiems a day. Normally, Paramecium only reproduce sexually under stressful conditions. This occurs via gamete agglutination and fusion. Two Paramecium join together and their respective micronuclei undergo meiosis. Three of the resulting nuceli disintegrate, the fourth undergoes mitosis. Daughter nuclei fuse and the cells separate. The old macronucleus disintegrates and a new one is formed. This process is usually followed by asexual reproduction.EcologyParamecium live in aquatic environments, usually in stagnant, warm water. The species Paramecium bursaria forms symbiotic relationships with green algae. The algae live in its cytoplasm. Algal photosynthesis provides a food source for Paramecium. Some species form relationships with bacteria. For example, Paramecium caudatum hosts Holospora obtusa in its macronucleus. This bacteria is specific to the macronucleus of Paramecium caudatum; they cannot grow outside of this organism. This species acquires heat-shock resistance when infected with Holospora obtusa, which contributes to ciliary motion. Paramecium are also well known as prey for Didinium.Paramecia play a role in the carbon cycle because the bacteria they eat are often found on decaying plants. Paramecium will eat the decaying plant matter in addition to the bacteria, further aiding decomposition.Paramecia can be used as model organisms in research. Currently, they are being used a great deal in genetics research. For example, recent research involves inactivating Paramecium genes for studying functional analysis by homology-dependent gene silencing. They can also be used to study membrane excitability and the duplication of basal bodies.http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Paramecium
Homology is evidence of what?
Evolution
What are the differences between homology and similarity?
homology is the equality between two sequences that show the same evolutionary pattern and similarity is the likeness between two sequences that may not follow an identical evolutionary relationship.
What are types of evidence used to Classify organisms in systematic?
Physical homology, Genetic homology, and Ecological niche
What are the difference between homology and analogy?
A homology is a likeness in structure between separate organisms due to evolutionary events from the same part or part of a remote ancestor. Whereas analogy is a resemblance and/or comparison of some particulars between things otherwise unlike.
In evolution the study of vertebrate forelimbs is related to evidence?
In evolution the study of vertebrate forelimbs is related to the anatomical evidence from homology.
What has the author Gavin Rylands De Beer written?
Gavin Rylands De Beer was a British evolutionary biologist who wrote "Embryos and Ancestors" in 1958, which discusses the role of development in shaping evolutionary patterns. He also wrote "Homology, an Unsolved Problem" in 1971, addressing the concept of homology in evolutionary biology.
What is notion of homology?
Homology is a concept in biology that refers to similarities between different species due to shared ancestry. In genetics, homology refers to similar DNA sequences found in different species that are inherited from a common ancestor. Homologous structures in anatomy are organs or body parts that have a similar underlying structure but may have different functions in different species.
The stongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic orgelles is the homology between extant prokaryotes and?
And the mitochondria in eukaryote cells.
How do scientists use chromosome comparisons to determine the evolutionary relationships among organisms?
Organisms that are closely related usually have very similar chromosomes numbers and a large degree of homology (similarity) beween their chromosomes (but the chromosomes are different enough to maintain genetic isolation).
What is Primary homology?
proposed hypothesis of homology based on similarity.
What is the study of vertebrate forelimbs is related to what evidence?
In evolution the study of vertebrate forelimbs is related to the anatomical evidence from homology.
What is sequence similarity?
Sequence similarity is a method used to establish the likelihood for sequence homology. Its similarity score aims to estimate the evolutionary distance among couples of nucleotide and protein sequence.
