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Judges came in two varieties in the Old Testament.

The "judges" of the Book of Judges were divinely called people who served to call them to repentance or provide military leadership. While judge is the closest literal translation of the term in the original texts, the position was more one of unelected non-hereditary leadership than that of legal pronouncement. The divinely appointed judges were typically also looked to as people of wisdom who could resolve disputes, but not all the divinely appointed "judges" actually served in that kind of capacity.

Independent of that, the Hebrews had judges who administered justice on a day to day basis. They might be the leaders of a tribe or someone appointed by the people. Like modern judges, some of them were good at it and some were not. Some were honest and some were corrupt. Unlike the divinely appointed judges, these secular judges were not expected to go out and call the people to repentance or lead them in battle. Their duties and power were limited to resolving disputes and sometimes acting as local political leaders.

It should be noted that all the judges mentioned by name in the Old Testament were of the "divinely called" variety, but not all of them were faithful in their callings. Samson is a glaring example of one who had a calling but was not faithful in his execution of his responsibilities.

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