Saul
After King Solomon's death, Israel separated into two Kingdoms - the Northern Kingdom of Israel which consisted primarily of 10 of the 12 tribes of Israel, and the Southern Kingdom of Judah which consisted primarily of tribe of Judah and Benjamin. It should be noted however, that each Kingdom had members of all 12 tribes of Israel.
Jeroboam was the first king of the rebellious northern tribes, not the kingdom. Israel, as opposed to Judah, was the kingdom, and there were nine tribes that comprised the Kingdom of Israel. (Zebulun, Issachar, Asher, Naphtali, Dan, Manasseh, Ephraim, Reuben and Gad.)
The Israelites brought their Torah wherever they went, including into Canaan (under Joshua), which they renamed the Land of Israel.
Some of the Tribes (apart from Judah) wanted to continue under Saul's descendants.
Charlemagne
Israel, which had been a confederation of the Israelite tribes under the Judges, became a kingdom when the Prophet Samuel anointed Saul as its first king. See 1 Samuel ch.8-10.
The twelve tribes of Israel lived in the united kingdom of Israel for centuries before it was a united kingdom. It became united under kings Saul, David and Solomon, but the Israelites had been there already for about 350 years, since the time of Joshua, during the era of the Judges.
Iroquois nations ... influences on the Articles of Confederation and ...Increasing hate-motivated violence from groups like the Clan
they brought tribes under their control and built a great empire
It was first calleed Canaan and was a conglomeration of cities populated by the various Cannanite tribes. Then the Israelites entered under Joshua and conquered the land (Joshua ch.3-10), which was henceforth called Israel.
A group of families bound together under a single leadership is called a tribe. Tribes are social groups that have existed before or outside the existence of the state.