carbohydrate
In the absence of oxygen in the absence of oxygen
Fermentation
not oxygen obviously
The release of energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. When there is oxygen present it is called aerobic respiration.
Basically Fermentation is an Anaerobic respiration (i.e. Oxidation of energy compounds in the absence of oxygen).That means the answer to your question is 'oxygen'.
Oxygen is not considered a primary or secondary macronutrient. It is a non-mineral nutrient.
carbohydrate
oxygen
Glucose is anaerobic turns into atp and it can be used for energy without oxygen
it can produce energy in the presence and absence of oxygen unlike aerobic exercise which can only produce energy in the presence of oxygen
by the process of respiration
i think da answer is oxygen and dat all