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Red Dwarfs
A Star spends most of its life on the "main sequence" of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (see related link below). While here it is called a "main sequence" star and its source of energy during this phase of its life is the fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core.
Based on initial size and chemical composition a star will enter a band on the HR diagram as a mains sequence star. Stars on the main sequence are in equilibrium from thermal pressure trying to enlarge the star and gravitational pressure trying to collapse the star. Stars on the main sequence range from massive hot blue-white stars to much less massive red stars.
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The HR diagram has the star's temperature along the horizontal axis and the absolute magnitude (brightness) along the vertical axis. Each star is represented by a single dot. Higher temperature is usually associated with more brightness so many stars lie on or near a line on the diagram called the Main Sequence. Red giant stars are found on the upper right hand quarter because they are relatively cool but still very bright.
Red Dwarfs
The most massive main sequence stars are the brightest, (O main sequence star on Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram). Main sequence stars obey a mass-luminosity relation. On the H-R diagram the vertical axis is the brightness. So the stars along the top are the brightest (intrinsically).
A Star spends most of its life on the "main sequence" of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (see related link below). While here it is called a "main sequence" star and its source of energy during this phase of its life is the fusion of hydrogen into helium in its core.
The Hertzsprung--Russell diagram is a scatter graph based on their luminosity verses their spectral class.Because certain stars are more common than others a certain "band" does exist, but they are not spread out evenly.See related link for a pictorial diagram
Supergiants are the most massive stars, occupy the top region of Hertzsprung-russell diagram . Supergiants can have 10 to 70 solar masses and luminosity up to hundreds of thousands times the solar luminosity and because of their large masses they have lifespan of few million years and may be less than this value .
Based on initial size and chemical composition a star will enter a band on the HR diagram as a mains sequence star. Stars on the main sequence are in equilibrium from thermal pressure trying to enlarge the star and gravitational pressure trying to collapse the star. Stars on the main sequence range from massive hot blue-white stars to much less massive red stars.
The Main Sequence refers to the H-R diagram of stellar evolution (the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram). If a star is on the Main Sequence, then it is burning with the rate and temperature expected of its spectral class. Stars are divided into the following spectral classes on the H-R diagram: O, B, A, F, G, K, M O, B and A stars burn very hot because they are very large, and they are usually white/blue-white in color F and G stars (our sun is a G star) burn moderately, are moderate in size and give off yellow light K and M stars are red dwarfs. They burn slowly with red color, representing the coolest, least energetic spectrum of light. Stars which are off the Main Sequence but which are on the H-R diagram include Red Giants (like Betelgueuse and Antares), and white dwarfs, stages at the end of a star's life cycle which our sun will eventually pass through. More massive stars have different endings, including supernovae and black holes or neutron stars. These are not on the H-R diagram.
The most massive type of main sequence star on the HR diagram would be indicated by the main sequence area at the top left of the HR diagram, which would be blue or violet in color. Zeta Puppis is an example of such a star. It comes in at 40 solar masses. It is classified as a type "O" star.
Our Sun is about 4.5 x 109 years old, and is a normal main sequence star. Check out Hertzsprung - Russell diagram. It is essentially 75% hydrogen and 25% helium. It was formed along with the rest of the Solar system by the accumulation of gas and dust. Our Earth contains a much greater proportion of heavy elements, so it accumulated from debris left over from a Super Nova explosion, for a star such as our Sun is not massive enough to manufacture elements heavier than iron. The age of the Universe is about 13 x 109 years.
Upper right
The HR diagram has the star's temperature along the horizontal axis and the absolute magnitude (brightness) along the vertical axis. Each star is represented by a single dot. Higher temperature is usually associated with more brightness so many stars lie on or near a line on the diagram called the Main Sequence. Red giant stars are found on the upper right hand quarter because they are relatively cool but still very bright.
red