scanning acoustic microscope
It depends on the type of biofilm, what surface the biofilm is on, and what information you want to get by looking at the biofilm under a microscope. If you just want to look at how much of a surface is covered by a biofilm, you can use normal light trasmission microscopy (as long as the surface is transparent e.g. glass). Alternatively you could use epifluorescent microscopy in combination with a fluorescent stain. If you want to look at the structure of the biofilm, confocal laser scanning microscopy is probably the best as you can get a 3D image. Other useful types of microscopy include phase contrast and DIC, which allow you to look at the biofilm without staining it first.
The most effective methods for treating pseudomonas biofilm infections include using antibiotics, combination therapy, biofilm disruptors, and antimicrobial peptides. These treatments can help to break down the biofilm and target the bacteria causing the infection.
A biofilm may consist of a single species embedded in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), or it may consist of multiple species. The monospecies biofilm does constitute a 'pure' culture, and these do occur under natural circumstances, as for example, H. pylori biofilm in the human stomach (Cole et al (2004) Characterization of Monospecies biofilm formation by Helicobacter pylori," Journal of Bacteriology 186:3124-3132). However, most biofilms that people are familiar with - pipe slime, tooth plaque, etc. - include multiple bacterial species, and can include algae and/or fungus.
The nucleus is the most noticeable organelle in a eukaryotic cell under a microscope due to its size and distinct structure. It appears as a large, round structure typically located in the center of the cell.
Most cells are too small to see without the aid of a microscope.
It depends on the type of biofilm, what surface the biofilm is on, and what information you want to get by looking at the biofilm under a microscope. If you just want to look at how much of a surface is covered by a biofilm, you can use normal light trasmission microscopy (as long as the surface is transparent e.g. glass). Alternatively you could use epifluorescent microscopy in combination with a fluorescent stain. If you want to look at the structure of the biofilm, confocal laser scanning microscopy is probably the best as you can get a 3D image. Other useful types of microscopy include phase contrast and DIC, which allow you to look at the biofilm without staining it first.
microscope.
The most effective methods for treating pseudomonas biofilm infections include using antibiotics, combination therapy, biofilm disruptors, and antimicrobial peptides. These treatments can help to break down the biofilm and target the bacteria causing the infection.
Remove the biofilm from the surface first. They best way to do that depends on the surface. Get the biofilm into water or PBS. Put some small (~2 mm diameter), sterile glass beads in the tube. Vortex for about 30 seconds or so (you will need to optimise this). This should separate most of the cells from the biofilm matrix. Now it depends on what you want the cells for. If you just want to count them, you could use something like FISH and count the cells under a fluorescence microscope, or using FACS. If you want individual cells, that is trickier.
dissecting microscope
disecting microscope
compound light
Some of the best and most useful applications for a pocket microscope are typically in an instruction setting. Children are best suited for these types of microscopes as they can learn during science classes, for field trips, and other endeavors. These microscopes are versatile enough for medical personnel as well.
The unit of metric measurement most useful for light microscopy is the micrometer (μm), which is one-thousandth of a millimeter. This unit allows for precise measurements of objects that can be visualized under a light microscope.
electronic microscope
scanning electron microscope
visualizing