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Which nerves are responsible for relaying action potentials to the brain?
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What are the two channels which relay the messages to and from the brain and to the body parts that will do the action?
These "channels " are actually nerves termed as Afferent and Efferent nerves usually called motor and sensory nerves.
What does a conduction velocity of an action potential depend on?
An action potential does not have a conduction velocity. Rather, it makes sense to measure the conduction velocity of nerves or nerve cells and this is usually done in metres per second (m/s.). An action potential is characterised as "an all or none response". This means you cannot alter the characteristics of an action potential in a given nerve cell. If you get a nerve cell and manage to get it to threshold, produce and measure an action potential 1000 times or more at the exact same point on the cell, the action potential you measure will not change in timing or amplitude. Information travels down a nerve cell through action potentials. But it is not one action potential that travels the whole length of the axon. Instead what happens is that one action potential causes the next bit of the nerve cell to reach threshold and therefore creates an entirely new action potential. So you actually need multiple action potentials to happen along a nerve cell to send information down it. We call this "propagation of action potentials" since each action potential produces a new one. More properly, it is referred to as "saltatory action potential conduction". Conduction velocity is basically a measure of how quickly we can produce a series of action potentials to travel the distance of the nerve cell axon. Since action potentials only happen at each "Node of Ranvier", then the longer the distance between each node (internodal distance), the faster the conduction velocity of a nerve cell. Since the internodal distance is positively correlated with myelin thickness, more thickly myelinated nerve cells have faster conduction velocities. The thickest and fastest nerve cells are motor neurones and Ia fibres from muscle spindles with a diameter of 12-20 micrometres and a conduction velocity of 70-120 m/s. The thinnest/slowest are fibres used to convey slow pain (<1.5 micrometres and 0.5-2 m/s).
Why are action potentials said to be all or none?
All or nothing response of an action potential (AP), refers simply to the fact that an AP will either occur, or not. There is no gradient, no half APs or double APs. The only option is AP, or no AP. Like in computer binary, the response is either 1 (an AP) or 0 (no AP). All the factors trying to induce (or inhibit) an action potential (i.e other action potentials, EPSPs and IPSPs) add up (summate) at the axon hillock, (aka the trigger zone). Here, if the stimulation is big enough an action potential will occur. If the stimulation is not big enough, no action potential occurs.
What is a is a long bundle of neurons that carries messages to and from the body to the brain that is responsible for very fast lifesaving reflexes.?
Spinal Cord
How are impulses transmitted to and from the different body parts?
This is a rather tough question to answer succinctly, so here's a summary. Impulses are transmitted throughout the body with the combined efforts of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS). The CNS is the brain, spinal cord, retina and cranial nerves. The PNS is the nerves spread throughout the body. The CNS is the core control center that receives, interprets and responds to any and all signals from all over the body. This process is completed by the use of neurotransmitters and inhibitors that initiate the signals along the neural ganglia from the CNS. A neuron is an excitable cell that has a lot of action potential, an action potential is a short acting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a consistent trajectory. Through the use of these action potentials and the voltage gated channels in the membranes an electrical pulse is sent throughout the body.Check the related links for a surprisingly good explanation of the in-depth process.
What is the association of axons with nerves?
Axons conduct the nerve impulses, or action potentials, to the axon terminals and the synaptic cleft.
What nerve carries the action potentials from the ganglion cells to the thalamus of the brain?
The optic nerves carry the impulses from the eyes to the visual area of the thalamus.
T or f When you touch something hot your nerves produce larger action potentials than if you touch something warm?
False. Neurons always fire the same amount.
How does the muscle respond in reflex action?
Nerves are bundles of axons and their sheaths of connective tissue that extend from the CNS to peripheral structures,Nerves are responsible for stimuli communication and responceThe Central nervous system CNSBrainSpinal CordThe Prephrial nervous system PNSCranial nerves, which arise from the brain Sensory/ afferent transmits STIMULI from the sensory organs to the CNSMotor/ efferent-transmits action potentials from the CNS to effector organs when a Stimuli is recieved causing some sort of reaction.Spinal nerves, which arise from the spinal cordIf the sensory Stimuli was an itch on the tip of your nose the motor action potential generated would send your hand to your nose to scratch the itch.
What happens to the size of an action potential as it continues down the axon?
I belive the size of the axon potential remains constant at a depolarisation of +40 mv and a resting potential of -70mv for most nerves. The frenquency of action potentials is the factor that determines the strength of the nerve impulse.
What is the function of the motor nerves?
Your motor nerves inhabit the anterior columns of the spinal cord and transmit excitatory action potentials from the motor cortex down and outward to your extremities so that your body may move. (walking, sitting, standing, turning your head, blinking the eyes, talking, picking things up)
What is the same as a sensory nerve?
The peripheral nervous system is the same as the sensory nerves. These are the nerves which are responsible for the various senses.
What structures are responsible for sensing distortions of body tissue?
nerves
What does the reflex action involve?
Protection(?)
How many nerves are in the nervous system?
There are billions of nerves in the nervous system. The nervous system is responsible for transmitting signals throughout the body.
Which cranial nerves is responsible for olfaction?
The olfactory nerve which is also cranial nerve number 1 is responsible for the sense of olfaction.
What are the two channels which relay the messages to and from the brain and to the body parts that will do the action?
These "channels " are actually nerves termed as Afferent and Efferent nerves usually called motor and sensory nerves.
