Which of the following is not an element of fraud a. Scienter b. Misrepresentation of a material fact c. Justifiable reliance by the innocent party d. Ignorance of the law?

What is an example of scienter?

Generally "scienter" is legal/Latin for having some basic understanding that what one is doing, will do or has done, is wrong in some way. So an example would including holding a loaded gun by the trigger with the safety off pointed at a person knowing that if it fires the person could be killed. It is usually associated with criminal conduct because most classic crimes require both a required mental state of mind ("mens rea") and co-incident action ("actus reus"). That's where you get the differences between murder and manslaughter, for example, because the mental state is considered different. But scienter can apply to a tortious wrongdoing as well, such as an intentional tort like assault and battery (which is usually also a crime, by the way).

What is Scienter in the law?

Scienter is a legal term that refers to the knowledge or intent to commit a wrongful act. In legal contexts, it often relates to the mental state of a person when committing a crime or engaging in fraudulent activities. It is used to determine the level of culpability and liability of an individual under the law.

What was Behrens v Bertram Mills Circus 1957?

Behrens v. Bertram Mills Circus Ltd. is a case heard in England under the Queens Bench Division in 1957. Behrens was the plaintiff, the one who filed the suit against Bertram Mills Circus, and operated a funfair concession between Bertram Mills Circus ring and elephant house. Berhens brought his daughter to the circus, who brought her dog, Simba. Simba got loose and scared an elephant named Bullu during the elephant walk /parade. Bullu then proceeded to chase Simba, and subsequently caused physical damage to Behrens and the booth.Behrens argument relied on the breach of an absolute duty laid upon the keeper of a dangerous animal to confine and control it (scienter retinuit), and failure to do so put them under strict liability (liability without fault).The court sided with the plaintiff, Behrens, saying the circus needed to maintain control of the elephant (strict liability because of foreseeable harm, high degree of risk, and elephant ownership is uncommon, unusual, and inappropriate to a normal situation), as its relation to its species (wild elephants) suggests the animal is a risk . The court reasoned the defendant was liable in the same way as if they had let the elephant loose.

Eight letter word starting with s and ending with r?

secreter, scorcher, stancher, sandspur, springer, shaggier, shabbier, stranger, surmiser, scutiger, scurvier, swaddler, squander, sorcerer, subprior, sleazier, sniffler, shrinker, supplier, seigneur, scurrier, survivor, searcher, squawker, squeezer, shiftier, subtutor, shielder, solander, shingler, slipover, squirter, stickier, seafloor, seasoner, spritzer, switcher, shadower, screamer, sleepier, shepster, shragger, spicular, suborner, suborder, smoulder, squeaker, splitter, squatter, summoner, salvager, stupider, squirmer, shrimper, shredder, subsolar, stippler, scimitar, snuffler, snitcher, solderer, seafarer, semester, seawater, strapper, sanglier, surviver, subpolar, subsizar, squaller, souvenir, scapular, scrapper, splendor, srinagar, serrator, simperer, sketcher, sinister, stockcar, sinclair, scutcher, subfloor, stipular, shoulder, scambler, snatcher, scourger, succorer, superior, sloucher, stumbler, stronger, sheather, shaffler, streamer, subahdar, sniveler, selangor, snootier, splatter, smoother, sufferer, shoveler, surfacer, silencer, sublunar, stripper, selector, spengler, sturdier, sculptor, starcher, splasher, spreader, shoddier, speedier, squasher, scuffler, sicklier, squealer, sequitur, stodgier, seamster, singular, scienter, sholapur, stingier, screener, surveyor, sprawler, slaverer, seconder, streaker, swimwear, salvador, sectator, sandiver, skinnier, scrubber, saccular, secretor, schooner, sarplier, spangler, shrieker, sempster, servicer, stormier, spongier, snappier, shnorrer, spinster, spurrier, splinter, songster, strainer, stickler, stringer, slighter, stricter, softener, sparkler, seignior, salinger, stitcher, sickener, scrawler, sandever, servitor, schiller, sweatier, smuggler, specular, spruiker, shuffler, skydiver, sloppier, sprinter, sorrower, scantier, squinter, spiffier, schuyler, strutter, stopover, splutter, signaler, sprigger, signifer, stroller, saboteur, spirifer, steadier, stressor, swindler, sublimer, scrupler

What Italian words have the prefix sci in them?

abscise abscisedabscisesabscisinabscisingabscisinsabscissaabscissaeabscissasabscissionabscissionsacquiescingadscititiousantifascismantifascismsantifascistantifascistsantiscienceantisciencesantiscientificasciascidiaascidianascidiansascidiumascitesasciticbiosciencebiosciencesbioscientificbioscientistbioscientistscircumscissilecoalescingcognoscibleconcupiscibleconscienceconsciencelessconsciencesconscientiousconscientiouslyconscientiousnessconscientiousnessesconscionableconsciousconsciousesconsciouslyconsciousnessconsciousnessesconvalescingcounterscientificcrescivecrescivelydehiscingdeliquescingdiscidisciformdiscingdisciplediscipleddisciplesdiscipleshipdiscipleshipsdisciplinabledisciplinaldisciplinariandisciplinariansdisciplinarilydisciplinaritiesdisciplinaritydisciplinarydisciplinedisciplineddisciplinerdisciplinersdisciplinesdisciplingdiscipliningeffervescingefflorescingepisciaepisciasethnoscienceethnosciencesevanescingexscindexscindedexscindingexscindsfasciafasciaefascialfasciasfasciatefasciatedfasciationfasciationsfasciclefascicledfasciclesfascicularfascicularlyfasciculatefasciculatedfasciculationfasciculationsfasciculefasciculesfasciculifasciculusfascinatefascinatedfascinatesfascinatingfascinatinglyfascinationfascinationsfascinatorfascinatorsfascinefascinesfascioliasesfascioliasisfascismfascismsfascistfascisticfascisticallyfascistsfluorescinggeosciencegeosciencesgeoscientistgeoscientistshyoscinehyoscineshyperconscioushyperconsciousnesshyperconsciousnessesimmiscibilitiesimmiscibilityimmiscibleincandescinginconscientindisciplinableindisciplineindisciplinedindisciplinesinterdisciplinaryinviscidirascibilitiesirascibilityirascibleirasciblenessirasciblenessesirasciblylasciviouslasciviouslylasciviousnesslasciviousnesseslemnisciluminescinglusciouslusciouslylusciousnesslusciousnessesmeniscimiscibilitiesmiscibilitymisciblemiscitationmiscitationsmiscitemiscitedmiscitesmiscitingmolluscicidalmolluscicidemolluscicidesmultidisciplinarymultidisciplinemultidisciplinesmuscidmuscidsnesciencenesciencesnescientnescientsneuroscienceneurosciencesneuroscientificneuroscientistneuroscientistsnonconsciousnonsciencenonsciencesnonscientificnonscientistnonscientistsobsolescingomniscienceomnisciencesomniscientomniscientlyopalescingoscillateoscillatedoscillatesoscillatingoscillationoscillationaloscillationsoscillatoroscillatorsoscillatoryoscillogramoscillogramsoscillographoscillographicoscillographicallyoscillographiesoscillographsoscillographyoscilloscopeoscilloscopesoscilloscopicoscineoscinesoscinineoscitantoverconscientiousoverconsciousphosphorescingpisciculturepisciculturespiscinapiscinaepiscinalpiscinaspiscinepiscivorousplebiscitaryplebisciteplebiscitespreconsciouspreconsciousespreconsciouslyprefascistprefascistspresciencepresciencesprescientprescientificprescientlyprescindprescindedprescindingprescindsproboscideanproboscideansproboscidesproboscidianproboscidiansproboscisproboscisesprosciuttiprosciuttoprosciuttospseudosciencepseudosciencespseudoscientificpseudoscientistpseudoscientistsputrescibleputrescineputrescinesrecrudescingreminiscingrescindrescindedrescinderrescindersrescindingrescindmentrescindmentsrescindsrescissionrescissionsrescissoryresuscitateresuscitatedresuscitatesresuscitatingresuscitationresuscitationsresuscitativeresuscitatorresuscitatorssciaenidsciaenidssciaticsciaticasciaticassciaticssciencesciencesscientialscientificscientificallyscientismscientismsscientistscientistsscientizescientizedscientizesscientizingscilicetscillascillasscimetarscimetarsscimitarscimitarsscimiterscimitersscincoidscincoidsscintigraphicscintigraphiesscintigraphyscintillascintillantscintillantlyscintillasscintillatescintillatedscintillatesscintillatingscintillationscintillationsscintillatorscintillatorsscintillometerscintillometerssciolismsciolismssciolistsciolisticsciolistsscionscionssciroccosciroccosscirrhiscirrhousscirrhusscirrhusesscissilescissionscissionsscissorscissoredscissoringscissorsscissortailscissortailsscissurescissuressciuridsciuridssciurinesciurinessciuroidsemiconscioussemiconsciousnesssemiconsciousnessessubconscioussubconsciousessubconsciouslysubconsciousnesssubconsciousnessessubdisciplinesubdisciplinessubsciencesubsciencestransdisciplinaryuncoalescingunconscionabilitiesunconscionabilityunconscionableunconscionablenessunconscionablenessesunconscionablyunconsciousunconsciousesunconsciouslyunconsciousnessunconsciousnessesundisciplinedunscientificunscientificallyviscidvisciditiesviscidityviscidlyHere are the prefix words: 5-letter wordsscion6-letter wordsscilla, scions7-letter wordssciatic, science, scillas, scirrhi, scissor, sciurid8-letter wordssciaenid, sciatica, sciatics, sciences, scilicet, scimetar, scimitar, scimiter, scincoid, sciolism, sciolist, scirocco, scirrhus, scissile, scission, scissors, scissure, sciurids, sciurine, sciuroid9-letter wordssciaenids, sciaticas, sciential, scientism, scientist, scientize, scimetars, scimitars, scimiters, scincoids, scintilla, sciolisms, sciolists, sciroccos, scirrhous, scissions, scissored, scissures, sciurines10-letter wordsscientific, scientisms, scientists, scientized, scientizes, scintillae, scintillas, sciolistic, scirrhuses, scissoring11-letter wordsscientizing, scintillant, scintillate, scissortail12-letter wordsscintigraphy, scintillated, scintillates, scintillator, scissortails13-letter wordsscintigraphic, scintillantly, scintillating, scintillation, scintillators14-letter wordsscientifically, scintigraphies, scintillations, scintillometer15-letter wordsscintillometers77 words found.

Who won the case Yanase v Automobile Club of Southern California?

Yanase v. Automobile Club of Southern CaliforniaCOURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT, DIVISION ONEDocket Number available at www.versuslaw.comCitation Number available at www.versuslaw.comJuly 21, 1989BARBARA K. YANASE ET AL., PLAINTIFFS AND APPELLANTS,v.AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, DEFENDANT AND RESPONDENTSuperior Court of San Diego County, No. CR564248, Vincent P. DiFiglia, Judge.Paul L. Tepper for Plaintiffs and Appellants.Waters, McCluskey & Boehle and Fritz B. Hax for Defendant and Respondent.Opinion by Todd, Acting P. J., with Benke and Froehlich, JJ., concurring.ToddCOURT OF APPEAL OF CALIFORNIA, FOURTH APPELLATE DISTRICT, DIVISION ONENo. D0074831989.CA.40553 ; 212 Cal. App. 3d 468; 260 Cal. Rptr. 513July 21, 1989BARBARA K. YANASE ET AL., PLAINTIFFS AND APPELLANTS,v.AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, DEFENDANT AND RESPONDENTSuperior Court of San Diego County, No. CR564248, Vincent P. DiFiglia, Judge.Paul L. Tepper for Plaintiffs and Appellants.Waters, McCluskey & Boehle and Fritz B. Hax for Defendant and Respondent.Opinion by Todd, Acting P. J., with Benke and Froehlich, JJ., concurring.Todd[212 CalApp3d Page 470]After a change of venue of the case from Los Angeles County Superior Court to San Diego County Superior Court, the trial court granted the motion of Automobile Club of Southern California (Auto Club) for judgment on the pleadings with respect to the third amended complaint for damages of Barbara K. Yanase, Sumiye R. Yanase and Craig A. Yanase (Yanase), widow and children of George A. Yanase (decedent). Decedent was killed as a result of being shot by an unknown assailant at night in a parking lot of a motel in which decedent was staying. The motel, located in a high crime area, was listed and rated in a "Tourbook" published and distributed by Auto Club.The theory of Yanase's complaint against Auto Club is negligent misrepresentation, i.e., that decedent, a member of the Auto Club, and Auto Club had a special relationship and decedent relied on Auto Club's motel listing and rating in the Tourbook with respect to which Auto Club negligently failed to determine and publish information on the safety of the area and the existence and effectiveness of security measures. It is alleged that as a result of such negligence by Auto Club, decedent was killed and Yanase was damaged.Yanase contends the trial court erred in granting Auto Club's motion for judgment on the pleadings on the ground the second and third counts in the third amended complaint fail to state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action against Auto Club. Yanase's contention on appeal addresses only the ruling on the second count alleging negligent misrepresentation and thus we limit our decision to that contention. Finding no error in the trial court's ruling because the second count fails to state a cause of action, we affirm.FactsThe third amended complaint forms the basis for review of the propriety of granting a motion for judgment on the pleadings. The review is the same as if a general demurrer had been sustained since the motion had the purpose and effect of a general demurrer. (Colberg, Inc. v. State of California ex rel. Dept. Pub. Wks. (1967) 67 Cal. 2d 408, 411-412 [62 Cal. Rptr. 401, 432 P.2d 3].) On general demurrer it is the rule that we must "assume the truth of all properly pleaded material allegations of the complaint in evaluating the validity of the trial court's action." (Tameny v. Atlantic Richfield Co. (1980) 27 Cal. 3d 167, 170 [164 Cal. Rptr. 839, 610 P.2d 1330, 9 A.L.R.4th 314].)Yanase's third amended complaint alleges in the second count that one Shu-Yun Chan (Chan) owned, operated, maintained and controlled the[212 CalApp3d Page 471]Royal Lodge-Downtown (motel) and its appurtenant parking lot at 833 Ash Street in San Diego. On January 25, 1984, decedent was a paying guest at the motel. At about 10 p.m. on January 25, decedent was returning to the motel and parked his vehicle in the lot adjacent to it. An unidentified individual or individuals confronted decedent and shot him, causing injuries which resulted in his death.Decedent was a paid-up member of Auto Club which made various services available to him including automobile towing services, travel assistance and various types of insurance. The payment of annual dues and the package of matters made available to decedent by Auto Club "gave rise to a special relationship defined by a dependency and reliance upon said Defendant by Decedent in all matters of vehicular travel and services connected therewith."American Automobile Association (AAA)*fn1and Auto Club are also in the business of endorsing travel accommodations and services through their Tourbook. They charged an annual fee to travel service establishments for permission to those establishments to display the AAA emblem and its use in advertising. Auto Club's Tourbook contains a listing of various hotels and motels in designated geographical areas and a rating system with reference to those accommodations.As set forth in the third amended complaint, the 1983 California/Nevada edition of the Tourbook states: "'This Tourbook has only one purpose: to make your trip as enjoyable as possible by providing accurate, detailed information about attractions and accomodations [ sic ] in the area through which you are traveling . . .' (page 3 of Tourbook)"'AAA field representatives cover the length and breadth of the North American Continent. These efficient, highly trained individuals are constantly on the move, carefully and systematically searching the highways for accomodations [ sic ] and restaurants which meet AAA's requirements for recommendation to our more than 22 million members . . .'"' For every establishment selected to be listed in the Tourbooks, many others were inspected and found to be lacking in some important consideration. We believe, in the best interests of our members, that our standards are important. We will not lower them simply to achieve a greater volume of listings.' (page 161 of Tourbook - emphasis added)" (Original italics.)[212 CalApp3d Page 472]The Tourbook designates the motel with a rating meaning it "[s]ignificantly exceeds AAA requirements in many physical and operational categories. Offers very comfortable and attractive accomodations [ sic ]." The Tourbook also states, "No attraction, hotel, motel, resort or restaurant pays for a listing. Each is listed on the basis of merit alone, after careful inspection and approval by a AAA field representative or designated AAA representative."Yanase's third amended complaint then alleges that because of the relationship between decedent and Auto Club and the business of endorsing travel accommodations and services engaged in by AAA and Auto Club, the defendants had a duty through their field representatives to determine the relative safety of the area where the recommended hotels and motels were located, to determine the existence and effectiveness of the security measures offered to the patrons and to publish the information in the Tourbook. The defendants, it is alleged, "through their field representatives, failed to exercise reasonable care in that they failed to make the abovealleged [ sic ] determinations, and said Defendants also failed to exercise reasonable care in that they failed to publish such information in the Tourbook." Further, Yanase alleges that had Auto Club exercised reasonable care it would have known the motel "was located in a high crime area wherein robberies and muggings were commonplace in the immediate radius of the motel and that the motel offered inadequate security for its patrons."Decedent read the Tourbook and relied on it in selecting the motel and he would not have selected the motel if Auto Club had determined it was in a high crime area and offered inadequate security, published this information in the Tourbook, or not recommended the motel at all. It is alleged that as a proximate result of Auto Club's negligent failure "to properly inspect and to warn, as alleged above, Decedent was attacked and shot at the Royal Lodge - Downtown receiving injuries which resulted in his death."Damages allegations conclude the second count of the third amended complaint.DiscussionInitially, on the matter of a cause of action for negligent misrepresentation, this tort consists of making a false statement honestly believing it is true but without reasonable ground for such belief. (Civ.Code, ?? 1710,[212 CalApp3d Page 473]subd. 2; 1572, subd. 2;*fn25 Witkin, Summary of Cal. Law (9th ed. 1988) Torts, ? 720 et seq., p. 819 et seq.) The tort is a form of deceit without, however, the element of scienter. (Gagne v. Bertran (1954) 43 Cal. 2d 481, 487, fn. 4 [275 P.2d 15].) Since the tort requires a "positive assertion," the doctrine does not apply to implied representations. (Huber, Hunt & Nichols, Inc. v. Moore (1977) 67 Cal. App. 3d 278, 304 [136 Cal. Rptr. 603].)There is nothing in the Auto Club's Tourbook listing or rating that consists of a positive assertion concerning neighborhood safety or the security measures taken in connection with the motel. In fact, as we discuss in more detail below, those matters are not even implied in the Tourbook listing or rating. Accordingly, the third amended complaint does not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action in negligent misrepresentation.We next consider the question of whether there exists a duty of care, a question of law to be determined on a case-by-case basis. (Isaacs v. Huntington Memorial Hospital (1985) 38 Cal. 3d 112, 124 [211 Cal. Rptr. 356, 695 P.2d 653]; Gray v. Kircher (1987) 193 Cal. App. 3d 1069, 1073 [236 Cal. Rptr. 891].)In a case involving a suit against the host and sponsor of a party held at the host's leased premises in an industrial park, where the plaintiffs' decedent was killed by an assailant in another part of the industrial park after she had left the party and was returning to her parked car, the court set forth the following rule pertaining to duty of care: "'Liability founded upon a claim of negligence cannot exist unless a duty of care is owed by the alleged wrongdoer to the person injured or to the class of which the injured person is a member. [Citations.] In California, it is well settled that an owner of land held open for business purposes may have a duty to protect visitors from the wrongful acts of third persons. [Citation.] Whether such a duty in fact exists is a question of law to be determined separately in each case, based on the weighing of a number of factors. [Citation.]' (Gomez v. Ticor (1983) 145 Cal. App. 3d 622, 627 [193 Cal. Rptr. 600].)" (Steinmetz v. Stockton City Chamber of Commerce (1985) 169 Cal. App. 3d 1142, 1145 [214 Cal. Rptr. 405].)Relying in part on Isaacs v. Huntington Memorial Hospital, supra, 38 Cal. 3d 112, 134, Steinmetz held neither the lessee nor the sponsor of the[212 CalApp3d Page 474]party owed a duty of care to the decedent for the injury occurring on premises they neither owned nor controlled. (Steinmetz, supra, 169 Cal. App. 3d at pp. 1147-1148.)In Isaacs the court addressed the liability of an insurer of a hospital located in a high crime area where the plaintiff was shot by an unknown assailant while preparing to get into his car in the hospital's parking lot at about 10 p.m. one night. (Isaacs, supra, 38 Cal. 3d at pp. 120-121, 134-135.) The insurer had provided the hospital with some information on whether the hospital's security guards should be armed, but had made no specific recommendation on the subject. (Id. at pp. 134-135.) The insurer had no ownership or possessory interest in the hospital's premises and exercised no authority or control over the hospital's security practices. (Ibid.) Upholding a summary judgment in favor of the insurer, the Supreme Court states: "A defendant cannot be held liable for the defective or dangerous condition of property which it did not own, possess, or control." (Id. at p. 134.)Similarly, this court has stated: "[O]ne will not be held liable for failing to control third-party conduct or to warn those who may be endangered by that conduct, unless '"(a) a special relation exists between the actor and the third person which imposes a duty upon the actor to control the third person's conduct, or (b) a special relation exists between the actor and the other which gives the other a right to protection."'" (Lopez v. McDonald's Corp. (1987) 193 Cal. App. 3d 495, 505-506 [238 Cal. Rptr. 436], quoting Peterson v. San Francisco Community College Dist. (1984) 36 Cal. 3d 799, 806 [205 Cal. Rptr. 842, 685 P.2d 1193].)As is pointed out in Steinmetz, supra, 169 Cal. App. 3d at page 1146, "[t]he duty to take affirmative action for the protection of individuals coming upon the land 'is grounded in the possession of the premises and the attendant right to control and manage the premises.'" (Quoting Sprecher v. Adamson Companies (1981) 30 Cal. 3d 358, 368 [178 Cal. Rptr. 783, 636 P.2d 1121].)"Generally a person does not have a duty to control another's conduct or to warn those who may be endangered by such conduct. However, a duty may arise where a special relationship exists giving rise to a right to such protection." (Donnell v. California Western School of Law (1988) 200 Cal. App. 3d 715, 719 [246 Cal. Rptr. 199].) A special relationship exists between the owner, possessor or controller of a business establishment and its customers placing on the proprietor an affirmative duty to take reasonable precautions to protect patrons from wrongful acts of third persons where the proprietor has reasonable cause to anticipate those acts and the[212 CalApp3d Page 475]probability of injury resulting from them. (Isaacs, supra, 38 Cal. 3d at p. 123; Lopez, supra, 193 Cal. App. 3d at p. 504.)Under these principles it has been held recently that a company providing security guard service to a restaurant owes no duty of care in the form of a duty to warn a second customer of reported verbal harassment of earlier customers by persons known by the guard to be parked across the street from the restaurant. (Balard v. Bassman Event Security, Inc. (1989) 210 Cal. App. 3d 243[258 Cal. Rptr. 343].) The second customer was kidnapped and sexually assaulted by the persons in the car after she left the restaurant. Part of the court's rationale in Balard was: "In the case before us, the security guard would have been required to warn appellant of the earlier incident of harassment of other female patrons. Although this argument has surface appeal, upon closer consideration, we must reject it."The problem is that a duty to warn in the context of dangers existing off premises will seldom be as simple as passing along unverified information. Inevitably, we would be imposing not just a duty to warn but a duty to investigate, monitor and evaluate reports of off-premises dangers. Given the potential scope of this duty, we are reluctant to impose it at all."In this case, for example, the danger known to the security guard was the threat to female patrons of verbal abuse, not actual physical assault. Should we limit his duty to warn to what he knew at the time, or expand it in light of what ultimately transpired, under the rubric of foreseeability? Each solution has its inequities and the entire matter is further complicated by questions of what constitutes a known danger and how great an area surrounding the premises is the sphere within which the duty to warn applies."Let us consider a plaintiff who is robbed several blocks away after exiting a business establishment in an area known to have a high incidence of robbery. The victim could plausibly argue that the owner of the business had a duty to warn of the risk of being robbed even without having specific information of an immediate danger. In short, imposing a duty to warn in the context of this case has far-reaching ramifications which ultimately force us to decline to impose such a duty." (210 Cal. App. 3d at pp. 250-251.)It occurs to us that if those closely connected with the safety of premises, such as hired security guards, are not subject to a duty even to warn of possible danger represented by nearby third persons not on the premises, then a fortiori those having no particular connection with the premises, such as Auto Club, have no duty of care. This conclusion is supported by cases such as Balard, supra, 210 Cal. App. 3d 243, and the general[212 CalApp3d Page 476]principle announced in Donnell, supra, 200 Cal. App. 3d at page 719, that there is no duty to control the conduct of third parties or to warn those who may be endangered by that conduct except where there exists a special relationship giving rise to a right to such protection. (See also Gray v. Kircher, supra, 193 Cal. App. 3d 1069, 1072-1075.)The fact Auto Club's Tourbook gives "information about attractions and accomodations [ sic ]" places no new or special dimension on the analysis. So far as we are concerned in this case the Tourbook speaks only of accommodations, i.e., "something that is supplied for convenience or to satisfy a need . . . lodging, food, and services (as at a hotel) . . . ." (Webster's Third New Internat. Dict. (1968 ed.) p. 12.) Enjoyability of a trip through providing information about accommodations is the stated purpose of the listing and rating in the Tourbook. Nothing is said about inspecting for dangerous neighborhoods or determining the presence or absence of personal security measures taken by the owners of the accommodations on behalf of their patrons. The puffing statements concerning the efforts of AAA's representatives in searching for accommodations and inspecting them do not suggest neighborhood safety or security measures are aspects of the listing and rating. In fact, the rating description quoted in the complaint speaks only of "physical and operational categories," "comfortable and attractive accomodations [ sic ]" and listing "on the basis of merit alone." Again, the quality of "accommodations" is the focus of the Tourbook listing and rating.From what we have said it follows that the alleged special relationship "defined by a dependency and reliance" on Auto Club "in all matters of vehicular travel and services connected therewith," if it exists at all, is limited to the listing and rating of accommodations and does not include within its scope matters of neighborhood safety or security measures.*fn3This conclusion, in part, serves to distinguish Yanase's case from Hanberry v. Hearst Corp. (1969) 276 Cal. App. 2d 680[81 Cal. Rptr. 519, 39 A.L.R.3d 173] in which it was held a purchaser of defectively manufactured and designed shoes stated a cause of action for damages against Hearst, publisher of "Good Houskeeping" magazine, where the purchaser relied on the "Good Houskeeping Consumer's Guaranty Seal" in an advertisement in[212 CalApp3d Page 477]the magazine and placed on the shoes and shoe box container for them. The shoes were slippery and unsafe on commonly used floor coverings. As a result, the purchaser slipped and fell, injuring herself, when she stepped on the vinyl floor of her kitchen. The Good Housekeeping seal was described in Hearst's magazine as "Good Housekeeping's Consumer Guaranty" and it was stated, "'We satisfy ourselves that products advertised in Good Housekeeping are good ones and that the advertising claims made for them in our magazine are truthful.'" The seal bears the promise, "'If the product or performance is defective, Good Housekeeping guarantees replacement or refund to consumer.'" (Id. at pp. 682-683.)In Hanberry this court held that "one who endorses a product for his own economic gain, and for the purpose of encouraging and inducing the public to buy it, may be liable to a purchaser who, relying on the endorsement, buys the product and is injured because it is defective and not as represented in the endorsement." (276 Cal. App. 2d at p. 683.) At a minimum, as we have seen, the "products" in the present case, motel accommodations, are as represented in the endorsement in the Tourbook which does not deal with neighborhood safety or security measures. Thus, the last element of the Hanberry holding is not fulfilled. Further, in Hanberry there is a very close relationship between the injury and the product when put to ordinary use within the scope of the endorsement. No such relationship exists in the present case.Moreover, the plaintiff in Hanberry was not basing her claim for damages on a concept closely analogous to premises liability as to which the key is ownership, possession or control. (Isaacs, supra, 38 Cal. 3d at p. 134.) Rather, the liability concept in Hanberry, though labeled as negligent misrepresentation, was more analogous to products liability, the court noting Hearst "voluntarily involved itself into the marketing process, having in effect loaned its reputation to promote and induce the sale of a given product . . . ." (Hanberry, supra, 276 Cal. App. 2d at p. 684.)*fn4Such involvement in the chain of commerce, as distinguished from the concept of control of the premises, is fundamental to the concept of products liability. (See, e.g., Greenman v. Yuba Power Products, Inc. (1963) 59 Cal. 2d 57, 63 [27 Cal. Rptr. 697, 377 P.2d 897, 13 A.L.R.3d 1049].) Accordingly, the Hanberry decision furnishes no support for Yanase's position.Finally, we observe that Auto Club's listing and rating of motels and hotels in the Tourbook serves essentially the same purpose as an advertisement.[212 CalApp3d Page 478]As in Walters v. Seventeen Magazine (1987) 195 Cal. App. 3d 1119, 1122 [241 Cal. Rptr. 101], "we are loathe to create a new tort of negligently failing to investigate the safety of an advertised product."We conclude the trial court properly granted the motion for judgment on the pleadings on the basis the second cause of action of the third amended complaint fails to state a cause of action because Auto Club owed Yanase no duty of care with respect to neighborhood safety or security measures at motels listed and rated in the Tourbook.Judgment affirmed.DispositionJudgment affirmed.

What are some eight letter words with 4th letter E?

According to SOWPODS (the combination of Scrabble dictionaries used around the world) there are 3814 words with the pattern ---E----. That is, eight letter words with 4th letter E. In alphabetical order, they are: abbesses abhenrys abjected abjectly ablegate ableisms ableists abnegate abreacts abseiled absences absented absentee absenter absently acceders acceding accended accented accentor accepted acceptee accepter acceptor accessed accesses achenial achenium acierage acierate acoelous acoemeti acreages addebted addeemed addendum adeeming adherend adherent adherers adhering adhesion adhesive adreaded adrenals advected advening adverser adverted advewing affeared affeares affected affecter affeered afferent aftereye aftersun aftertax agreeing agremens agrement agrestal agrestic aguelike agueweed ailerons ailettes albedoes alberghi aldehyde alderfly alderman aldermen algebras algerine algesias alienage alienate alienees alieners aliening alienism alienist alienors alledged alledges allegers allegged allegges alleging allegory allegros allelism alleluia allergen allergic allergin allerion alleycat alleyway almemars almeries aloetics alterant alterers altering alterity alternat alternes altesses altezzas alveated alveolar alveoles alveolus amberies amberina amberite amberoid amberous ameerate ammeters amnesiac amnesias amnesics amnestic amoebean amoeboid amperage amreetas anaemias anaerobe ancestor ancestry andesine andesite andesyte angekkok angekoks angelica angeling angering anhedral ankerite annealed annealer annelids annexing annexion annexure anoestra anoestri anserine anserous anteater antecede antedate antefixa antelope antenati antennae antennal antennas antepast anterior anteroom antetype antevert aphelian aphelion aphetise aphetize apneuses apneusis appealed appealer appeared appearer appeased appeaser appeases appellee appellor appended appendix apperill apperils appestat appetent appetise appetite appetize apterism apterium apterous aqueduct arbelest ardently argemone argental argentic argentum ariettas ariettes arpeggio arreedes arrested arrestee arrester arrestor arsehole arsenals arsenate arsenics arsenide arsenite arsenous artefact arterial arteries artesian asbestic asbestos asbestus ascended ascender ascetics asheries aspected asperate asperged asperger asperges asperity aspermia asperous aspersed asperser asperses aspersor assegaai assegais assemble assembly assented assenter assentor asserted asserter assertor assessed assesses assessor assevers asteisms astelies asterias asterids asterisk asterism asternal asteroid asterted atheised atheises atheisms atheists atheized atheizes atheling atheneum atherine atheroma athetise athetize athetoid atremble atresias attemper attempts attended attendee attender attentat attercop attested attester attestor auberges aucepses aurelian aurelias aureolae aureolas aureoled aureoles autecism auxetics aviettes axletree babeldom babelish babelism babesias bakelite bakemeat bakeries bakeshop bakeware balefire bareback bareboat barebone barefoot baregine barehand barehead bareness baresark baseball baseband baseborn baselard baseless baseline basement baseness basenjis bateless bateleur batement bebeerus bedeafen bedecked bedeguar bederals bedesman bedesmen bedevils bedewing begemmed begetter beheadal beheaded beheader behemoth bejeezus bejesuit bejewels beleaped beleeing bemeaned bemedals bemeting benedick benedict benefact benefice benefits benetted bepearls bepelted bepepper bepester bereaved bereaven bereaver bereaves berettas beseeing beseekes beseemed beseemly besetter beteemed beteemes betelnut bevelers beveling bevelled beveller beverage bewetted bheestie bibelots bicepses bidental bigeminy bigeners bikeways bilevels bimensal bimester bimetals bimethyl bioethic birettas bisected bisector biserial bisexual biteable bitesize bitewing biweekly biyearly bleeders bleeding bleepers bleeping blueback blueball bluebeat bluebell bluebill bluebird bluebook bluebuck bluebush bluecaps bluecoat bluefins bluefish bluegill bluegown bluegums bluehead blueings bluejack bluejays blueline blueness bluenose bluesier bluesman bluesmen bluestem bluetick bluetits bluettes blueweed bluewing bluewood bobeches bodement bogeying bogeyism bogeyman bogeymen bohemian bohemias bonefish bonehead boneless bonemeal bonesets boneyard boneyest borealis boreases borecole boredoms borehole boresome boweling bowelled boweries bowering braeheid breeched breeches breeders breeding breenged breenges breering breezier breezily breezing briefers briefest briefing brierier broekies bucellas bumelias burettes buvettes cabernet cabestro cabezone cabezons cadelles cadenced cadences cadenzas cagebird cagefuls cagelike cageling cagework cajeputs cakewalk caleches calefied calefies calendal calendar calender calendry cameleer cameleon camelias camelids cameline camelish camellia cameloid camelots cameoing canellas canephor caneware capelans capelets capeline capelins capellet caperers capering capeskin capework careened careener careered careerer carefree careless careline caressed caresser caresses caretake caretook careworn caseases caseated caseates casebook casefied casefies caseload casemate casement caseoses casernes casettes casework caseworm catechin catechol catechus category catelogs catenane catenary catenate catenoid caterans caterers cateress catering caveated caveator cavefish cavelike caverned cavesson cavettos cayenned cayennes celeriac celeries celerity celestas celestes cemented cementer cementum cemetery cerebral cerebric cerebrum cerement ceremony ceresine ceresins cereuses ceterach chaebols cheekful cheekier cheekily cheeking cheepers cheeping cheerers cheerful cheerier cheerily cheering cheerios cheerled cheesier cheesily cheesing cheetahs cheewink chiefdom chiefery chiefess chiefest chresard cicelies cicerone ciceroni ciderkin cineaste cineasts cineoles cineplex cinerary cinereal cinereas cinerins ciseleur ciselure citeable citesses cleeking cleeping cliental clueless coaevals codebook codebtor codeinas codeines codeless codename coderive codesign codettas codeword cogences cogeners cogently coheaded coherent coherers cohering cohesion cohesive cokehead cokelike cokernut coleader coleseed coleslaw colessee colessor coletits coleuses colewort comeback comeddle comedian comedies comedown comelier comelily comember comeover cometary comether conelrad conenose conepate conepatl cooeeing cooeying copemate copepods copering coredeem coregent coreigns corelate coreless corellas coremium cosecant coteline cotenant coteries covelets covenant coverage coverall coverers covering coverlet coverlid coversed covertly coverups coveters coveting covetise covetous cowering cozenage cozeners cozening creekier creeling creepage creepers creepier creepies creepily creeping creeshed creeshes creesing cruelest crueller cuneated cuneatic cunettes cupelers cupeling cupelled cupeller cureless curetted curettes cuteness cutesier cuvettes cyberpet cybersex cyberwar dakerhen dakering dalesman dalesmen damewort danegeld danegelt danelagh danelaws daneweed danewort dateable datebook dateless dateline davening deaerate debeaked debeards debelled deceased deceases decedent deceived deceiver deceives decemvir decenary decennia decenter decently decentre decerned defeated defeater defecate defected defector defenced defences defended defender defensed defenses deferent deferral deferred deferrer degender degermed dejected dejeuner dejeunes deleaded deleaved deleaves delegacy delegate deleting deletion deletive deletory demeaned demeanes demeanor demented dementia dementis demerara demerged demerger demerges demerits demersal demersed demerses demesnes demetons denetted depeches depeinct depended depeople depermed derelict deselect deserted deserter desertic deserved deserver deserves desexing detected detecter detector detentes detenues deterged deterger deterges deterred deterrer detested detester deveined develing develled develope develops deverbal devested dicentra digerati digested digester digestif digestor dihedral dihedron dilemmas dilemmic dimerise dimerism dimerize dimerous dimeters dimethyl dimetric dinettes dioecies dioecism directed directer directly director dirempts direness diseased diseases disedged disedges disendow disenrol diseuses divebomb diverged diverges diversed diverses diversly diverted diverter divested dizening dogeared dogeates dogedoms dogeship dolerite dolesome domelike domesday domestic doneness dopehead dopester dovecote dovecots dovekeys dovekies dovelets dovelike dovening dovering dovetail doweling dowelled doweries dowering doyennes dozening dozenths dukedoms dukeling dukeries dukeship duneland dunelike duperies duresses duvetine duvetyne duvetyns duxelles dweebier dweebish eagerest easeless easement eateries echelles echelons eclectic ecuelles edgebone edgeless edgeways edgewise effected effecter effector effeired effendis efferent effering effetely eggeries egressed egresses eidetics ektexine elsewise embedded embezzle emceeing emeerate emmeshed emmeshes emmewing empeople emperced emperces emperies emperise emperish emperize emperors enceinte endeared endeavor endeixes endeixis endemial endemics endemism endermic enderons endewing endexine enfeeble enfelons enfeoffs enfested enfetter enfevers engender enhearse enkernel enmeshed enmeshes enmewing enneadic enneagon ensealed enseamed enseared ensemble enserfed ensewing entellus entender ententes enterate enterers enterics entering enterons enveigle envelope envelops envenoms epeeists ephedras ephedrin ephemera ermelins esnecies especial essences esteemed esterase esterify etaerios etcetera ethephon ethercap ethereal etherial etherify etherion etherise etherish etherism etherist etherize etrennes ettercap eudemons eugenias eugenics eugenism eugenist eugenols eumerism eupepsia eupeptic eutectic eutexias euxenite exceeded exceeder excelled excepted exceptor excerpta excerpts excessed excesses exeeming exhedrae exoergic expected expecter expedite expelled expellee expeller expended expender expensed expenses experted expertly exsecant exsected exserted extended extender extensor exterior external externat externes faceable facebars facedown faceless facelift facemail facemask facetely facetiae faceting facetted fadeaway fadeless fadeouts faiences fakement fakeries fameless fanegada farewell favellas fayences fazendas fedelini federacy federals federary federate fedexing femerall femetary fenestra feretory feterita feverfew fevering feverish feverous fiberise fiberize fideisms fideists fidelity figeater fikeries fileable filecard filefish filemots filename fileting fineable fineered fineless fineness fineries finespun finessed finesser finesses fireable firearms fireback fireball firebase firebird fireboat firebomb firebrat firebugs firebush fireclay firedamp firedogs firefang firehall fireless firelock firemark firepans firepink fireplug firepots fireroom fireship fireside firetrap firewall fireweed firewood firework fireworm fivefold fivepins fleecers fleeched fleeches fleecier fleecies fleecily fleecing fleerers fleering fleetest fleeting fluellen fluellin fluences fluently fluerics fluework fogeydom fogeyish fogeyism fomented fomenter forearms forebays forebear forebitt forebode forebody foreboom forecars forecast foredate foredeck foredoes foredone foredoom foreface forefeel forefeet forefelt forefend forefoot foregoer foregoes foregone foreguts forehand forehead forehent forehock forehoof foreking foreknew foreknow forelady forelaid forelain foreland forelays forelegs forelend forelent forelies forelift forelimb forelock foremast foremean foremilk foremost forename forenoon forensic forepart forepast forepaws forepeak foreplan foreplay forerank foreread foreruns foresaid foresail foresays foreseen foreseer foresees foreshew foreship foreshow foreside foreskin foreslow forestal forestay forested forester forestry foretell foretime foretold foretops forevers foreward forewarn forewent forewind forewing foreword foreworn foreyard fouettes foveated foveolae foveolar foveolas foveoles foveolet fraenums freebase freebees freebies freeboot freeborn freedman freedmen freedoms freeform freegans freehand freehold freeload freeness freesias freetier freeware freeways freewill freezers freezing friended friendly friezing fumeless fumelike fumerole fumettes funebral funerals funerary funereal fuselage fuseless fuselike gabelled gabeller gabelles gageable gageably gaieties galeated galenite galenoid galettes gamecock gamelans gamelike gameness gameplay gamesier gamesman gamesmen gamesome gamester gapeseed gapeworm garefowl gaselier gatefold gateless gatelike gatepost gateways gaveling gavelled gavelman gavelmen gavelock gayeties gazeboes gazelles gazement gazetted gazettes gedeckts generale generals generant generate generics generous genetics genetrix genettes gerenuks giveable giveaway giveback gleeking gleenies gleesome gleetier gleeting gluelike gluepots godetias gomerals gomerels gomerils goneness governed governor graecise graecize greeboes greedier greedily greegree greeking greenbug greeners greenery greenest greenfly greenier greenies greening greenish greenlet greenlit greenths greenway greesing greeters greeting griefers griefful grievant grievers grieving grievous gruelers grueling gruelled grueller gruesome gudesire gudewife gynecium gynecoid hadedahs haleness hamewith hanepoot harebell harelike harelips harewood hateable hateless haterent havelock havening haveours haverels havering hazelhen hazelnut hebenons hebetant hebetate hebetude hegemons hegemony heketara helenium henequen henequin hereaway heredity herefrom hereinto hereness heresies heretics heretrix hereunto hereupon herewith hexereis hibernal hideaway hideless hideouts hireable hireages hireling hiveless hivelike hiveward holeless holesome holeyest homebody homeboys homebred homebrew homefelt homegirl homeland homeless homelier homelike homelily homelyns homemade homeobox homeoses homeosis homeotic homepage homeport homering homeroom homesick homesite homespun homestay hometown homeward homeware homework honester honestly honewort honeybee honeybun honeydew honeyful honeying honeypot hopefuls hopeless hoselike hosepipe hoseying hoteldom hotelier hotelman hotelmen hoveling hovelled hoveller hoverers hoverfly hovering hugeness humected humefied humefies humerals hygeists hymeneal hymenean hymenial hymenium hypergol hypernym hyperons hyperope hypester icterics icterids icterine idlehood idleness idlesses illegals ilmenite imbecile imbedded immenser immerged immerges immersed immerser immerses immeshed immeshes immewing impearls impeders impeding impedors impelled impeller impellor impended imperial imperils imperium impetigo inbeings inceding incensed incenser incenses incensor incented incenter incentre incepted inceptor indebted indecent indented indenter indentor indevout indewing indexers indexing infected infecter infector infecund infefted infeoffs inferiae inferior infernal infernos inferred inferrer infested infester ingeners ingenium ingenues ingested inhearse inherced inherces inherent inhering inherits inhesion injected injector inmeshed inmeshes innerved innerves inseamed insectan insecure inseemed inserted inserter insetted insetter integers integral intended intender intenser intently interact interage interbed intercom intercut interess interest interims interior interlap interlay intermat intermit intermix internal interned internee internes internet interred interrex interrow intersex intertie interval interwar inveagle invecked invected inveighs inveigle invented inventer inventor inverity inversed inverses inverted inverter invertin invertor invested investor inweaved inweaves isleless islesman islesmen ivresses izvestia jadeites jadelike jaderies japeries javelina javelins jazerant jeremiad jerepigo jewelers jeweling jewelled jeweller jezebels jodelled jokesome jokester jonesing jumelles jutelike juvenals juvenile kabeljou kajeputs kakemono kalendar kalewife kaleyard kameeses kameezes kamerads karearea karengos kegelers kinesics kinetics kinetins kitelike kitenges kneecaps kneehole kneejerk kneelers kneeling kneepads kneepans kneesies kneesock kohekohe koreroed kreesing labelers labeling labelled labeller labellum lacebark laceless lacelike lacerant lacerate lacertid lacewing lacewood lacework ladening ladettes lagering lakebeds lakeland lakelets lakelike lakeport lakeside lamellae lamellar lamellas lameness lamented lamenter lameters laneways lapelled lateener latences lateness latening latently laterals laterise laterite laterize latewake latewood laveered lavement lavender laverock layerage layering layettes legendry legering legerity leveeing levelers leveling levelled leveller leverage leverets levering libeccio libelant libelees libelers libeling libelist libelled libellee libeller libelous liberals liberate licenced licencee licencer licences licensed licensee licenser licenses licensor lifebelt lifeboat lifebuoy lifecare lifehold lifeless lifelike lifeline lifelong lifesome lifespan lifetime lifeways lifework likeable likelier likeness likening likewake likewalk likewise limeades limekiln limeless limepits limerick limewash lineable lineages lineally linearly lineated linebred linecuts lineless linelike linesman linesmen lipemias liteness literacy literals literary literate literati literato literose liveable livelier livelily livelods livelong livelood liveners liveness livening liveried liveries livering liverish livetrap liveware liveyere liveyers lobefins lobelets lobelias lobeline lodesman lodesmen lodestar lomentum lonelier lonelily loneness lonesome lorettes loveable loveably lovebird lovebite lovebugs lovefest loveless lovelier lovelies lovelily lovelock lovelorn loveseat lovesick lovesome lovevine lowerier lowering lozenged lozenges lucences lucently lucernes luderick lugeings lukewarm lunettes lutecium lutefisk lutenist luteolin lutetium lykewake lykewalk lyrebird lysergic macerals macerate madefied madefies madeiras maderise maderize magentas mageship maieutic majestic makeable makebate makefast makeless makeover maleates maledict malefice malemiut malemute maleness mamelons mameluco mameluke maneging maneless maneuver maremmas mateless matelote matelots material materiel maternal mateship maverick mazelike mazeltov mazement medevacs mementos memetics merengue meresman meresmen meseemed meteoric meterage metering metewand meteyard mezereon mezereum micellae micellar micellas micelles mileages milepost milesian milesimo mimeoing mimester mimetite mineable mineolas minerals minettes minevers mirepoix miseases miseaten misedits misenrol misenter misentry miserere miseries misevent miterers mitering modelers modeling modelist modelled modeller modellos modeming moderate moderato moderner modernes modernly modester modestly mofettes moieties molecast molecule molehill molehunt molerats moleskin molested molester momently momentos momentum monecian monellin monerans monetary monetise monetize moneybag moneyers moneyman moneymen mopehawk moperies morelles morellos moreness moreover morepork moresque moselles moseying motelier moveable moveably moveless movement mozettas mulesing muleteer musettes muteness mycelial mycelian mycelium mycellas myceloid mycetoma myxedema nacelles nakedest nameable nameless namesake nametags nametape naperies navettes nedettes nemesias nepenthe nereides nevelled newelled niceness niceties nidering nigellas ninebark ninefold ninepins nineteen nineties niteries nobelium nocently nonelect nonelite nonempty nonentry nonequal nonesuch nonettes nonettos nonevent nosebags noseband nosedive nosedove nosegays noseless noselike noselite notebook notecard notecase noteless notelets notepads noveldom novelese novelise novelish novelism novelist novelize novellae novellas novenary novercal noverint nubecula nucellar nucellus nudeness numeracy numerals numerary numerate numerics numerous objected objector obsequie observed observer observes obsessed obsesses obsessor obtected obtemper obtended obtested obverses obverted ochering ocherous ockerism octettes oedemata offences offended offender offenses offerees offerers offering offerors oftenest ogreisms ogresses oileries oldening onsetter oogenies orderers ordering orielled oriental oriented orienter ornerier orreries orseille orsellic osieries osselets osseters ossetras osteitic osteitis osteogen osteoids osteomas osteoses osteosis ottering outearns outeaten outedges owleries owrecome owrelays owreword oxhearts oxpecker oxtering paceways padellas paderero pageants pageboys pagefuls pagehood pageview palebuck paleface paleness paleosol palestra paletots palettes paleways palewise panegyry paneless paneling panelist panelled panetela paperboy paperers paperier papering parecism pareiras parellas parelles parental parented parergon paretics paseared patellae patellar patellas patented patentee patently patentor paterero paternal pavement pederast pederero pedestal pekepoos pelerine peperino peperoni peregals peregrin pereions pereiras perentie pereopod petechia petering peterman petermen phaeisms phaetons pheesing pheezing phlegmon phreaked phreaker phreatic phrenism pigeoned pigeonry pikelets pileated pileless pilework pilewort pimenton pimentos pinecone pineland pinelike pineries pinesaps pinewood pipeages pipeclay pipefish pipefuls pipeless pipelike pipeline piperine pipestem pipetted pipettes pipework pipewort podestas pokefuls pokerish pokeroot pokeweed poleaxed poleaxes polecats poleless polemics polemise polemist polemize polentas polestar poleward pomeroys popedoms popehood popeless popelike popeling poperies poperins popeseye popeship popettes poseable poserish poseuses potences potently powerful powering praecipe praedial praefect praelect praetors preedits preelect preemies preempts preenact preeners preening preerect preeving preexist priedieu priested priestly prieving proemial proettes pubertal pucelage pucelles pudendal pudendum purebred pureeing pureness pyaemias pyrenoid pyrexial pyrexias quaestor queendom queenier queenies queening queenite queenlet queerdom queerest queering queerish queerity quiesced quiesces quietens quieters quietest quieting quietism quietist quietive quietude racecard racegoer racemate racemise racemism racemize racemoid racemose racemous racepath racewalk raceways rakehell rakeoffs rakeries ramekins ramentum ramequin rapeseed rarebits rarefied rarefier rarefies rareness rareripe rateable rateably ravelers raveling ravelins ravelled raveller raveners ravening ravenous razeeing reaedify rebegins rebeldom rebelled rebeller rebellow receding receipts receival received receiver receives recement recensed recenses recensor recenter recently recentre receptor recessed recesses redecide redeemed redeemer redefeat redefect redefied redefies redefine redeless redemand redenied redenies redeploy redesign refected refelled refenced refences refereed referees referent referral referred referrer regeared regelate regences regental rehearse reheated reheater reheeled rehemmed rejected rejectee rejecter rejector rekeying relearns relearnt released releasee releaser releases releasor relegate relented reletter relevant remeaded remedial remediat remedied remedies remeding remeided remelted remember remended remerged remerges renegade renegado renegate renegers reneging renegued reneguer renegues renested renewals renewers renewing reneying repealed repealer repeated repeater repegged repelled repeller repented repenter repeople reperepe reperked reperuse repetend rerecord reremice reremind rerented rerepeat rereview rerevise rereward resealed research reseason reseated resected resecure reseeded reseeing reseized reseizes reselect reseller resemble resented resenter reserved reserver reserves resetted resetter resettle resewing reteamed reteller retemper retested revealed revealer revehent reveille revelers reveling revelled reveller revenant revenged revenger revenges revenual revenued revenuer revenues reverbed reverend reverent reverers reveries reverify revering reverist reversal reversed reverser reverses reversis reversos reverted reverter revested revestry revetted reveuses reweaved reweaves rewedded reweighs rewelded rewetted rezeroed rezeroes ricebird ricercar rideable rifeness rimeless rimester ripeners ripeness ripening riteless ritenuto rivelled riverain riverbed riverets riverine riverman rivermen riverway riveters riveting rivetted rodeoing rodeways rogering rokelays roneoing ronepipe ropeable ropelike roperies ropewalk ropeways ropework rosebays rosebowl rosebuds rosebush rosefish rosehips roseless roselike rosellas roselles rosemary roseolar roseolas roseries roseroot roseslug roseting rosetted rosettes rosewood rotenone roweling rowelled rozelles rozeting rubefied rubefies rubellan rubellas rubeolar rubeolas rudeness ruderals ruderies rugelach ruleless rulering runelike sabellas sabering sacellum safeness safetied safeties sageness sagenite sakerets saleable saleably salering saleroom salesman salesmen saleyard sameness saneness sapegoes sateless satelles saveable savegard saveloys saveying sazeracs schedule schellum schemata schemers schemies scheming scherzos scienced sciences scienter sclereid sclerema sclerite scleroid scleroma sclerose sclerous screaked screamed screamer screechy screeded screeder screened screener screenie screeted screeved screever screeves screichs screighs screwers screwier screwing screwtop screwups sebesten seceders seceding secerned secesher seceshes sederunt selectas selected selectee selectly selector selenate selenian selenide selenite selenium selenous semester senecios serenade serenata serenate serenely serenest serening serenity setenant sevenths severals severely severest severies severing severity sewellel sewerage sewering sheeling sheeneys sheenful sheenier sheenies sheening sheepcot sheepdog sheepier sheepish sheepman sheepmen sheerest sheering sheerleg sheeters sheetfed sheetier sheeting shielded shielder shieling shlemiel shlepped shlepper shoebill shoehorn shoeings shoelace shoeless shoepack shoepacs shoetree shredded shredder shreeked shreiked shrewder shrewdie shrewdly shrewing shrewish shtetels shweshwe sidearms sideband sidebars sidecars sidehill sidekick sideline sideling sidelock sidelong sidenote sidepath siderate sidereal siderite sideroad sideshow sideslip sidesman sidesmen sidespin sidestep sidewalk sidewall sideward sideways sidewise silenced silencer silences silenter silently silesias sinecure sinewier sinewing sirenian sirenise sirenize siserary sitellas sizeable sizeably sizeisms sizeists skeechan skeelier skeerier skeering skeeters skieyest sklented skreeghs skreighs sleeches sleekens sleekers sleekest sleekier sleeking sleepers sleepery sleepier sleepily sleeping sleepout sleetier sleeting sleeveen sleevers sleeving sleezier sloebush sloetree smeeched smeeches smeeking sneerers sneerful sneerier sneering sneeshan sneeshes sneeshin sneezers sneezier sneezing soberest sobering soberise soberize solecise solecism solecist solecize soleless solemner solemnly soleness solenoid solerets soleuses somebody somedeal somedele somegate someones somerset sometime someways somewhat somewhen somewise soredial soredium sorehead sorehons soreness soterial spaeings spaetzle spaewife speeched speeches speeders speedful speedier speedily speeding speedups speedway speelers speeling speering spheares sphenoid spherics spherier sphering spheroid spherule spiegels spielers spieling spiering splendid splendor splenial splenium splenius spreader spreaghs spreathe spreazed spreazes spredden spreddes spreeing spreethe spreezed spreezes squeaked squeaker squealed squealer squeegee squeezed squeezer squeezes squegged squegger squelchy steedied steedies steeding steeking steelbow steelier steelies steeling steelman steelmen steeming steenbok steening steepens steepers steepest steepeup steepier steeping steepish steepled steeples steerage steerers steeries steering steevely steevest steeving sthenias stievely stievest streaked streaker streamed streamer streeked streeker streeled streeted streight streigne strelitz strength strepent stressed stresses stressor stretchy strettas strettos streusel strewage strewers strewing subedars subedits subentry subepoch subequal suberate suberect suberins suberise suberize suberose suberous superadd superate superbad superber superbly superbug supercar supercop supercow superego superfan superfit superfix supergun superhet superhit superhot supering superior superjet superlay superlie superloo superman supermax supermen supermom supernal superpro supersex superspy supertax surefire sureness suretied sureties suzerain sweeling sweeneys sweenies sweepers sweepier sweeping sweering sweetens sweetest sweeties sweeting sweetish sweetman sweetmen sweetpea sweetsop synechia synectic synedria synergia synergic synergid syrettes tabefied tabefies taberdar tabering tabetics takeable takeaway takedown takeoffs takeouts takeover taleggio talented talesman talesmen taleysim tameable tameless tameness tapeable tapeless tapelike tapeline tapenade taperers tapering tapestry tapeworm tasering tavering tavernas taverner taweries tedesche tedeschi telecast telechir telecine telecoms telefilm telegony telegram telemark teleosts telepath teleplay teleport telerans telergic telesale teleseme teleshop telestic teletext telethon teletron teletype teleview televise telexing temerity temerous tenebrae tenebrio tenement tenendum tenesmic tenesmus tepefied tepefies terebene terebrae terebras theeking theelins theelols thievery thieving thievish threaded threaden threader threaped threaper threapit threated threaten threaves threeped threeper threepit threnode threnody threshed threshel thresher threshes tideland tideless tidelike tidemark tidemill tiderips tidesman tidesmen tidewave tideways tigereye tigerish tigerism tilefish tilelike tileries timebomb timecard timeless timelier timeline timeouts timepass timework timeworn tiredest tireless tireling tiresome together toheroas tokening tokenism tolerant tolerate toleware tomentum tonearms toneless tonepads tonetics tonettes toreador toreutic toteable totemism totemist totemite toweling towelled towerier towering toxemias treelawn treeless treelike treenail treeship treetops treeware triellas triennia trientes triethyl troelies trueblue trueborn truebred truelove trueness tubefuls tubeless tubelike tubenose tubercle tuberoid tuberose tuberous tubework tubeworm tumefied tumefies tumesced tumesces tuneable tuneably tuneless tutelage tutelars tutelary tutenags tuxedoed tuxedoes tweedier tweedled tweedler tweedles tweeling tweeners tweeness tweenies tweering tweeters tweeting tweezers tweezing typeable typebars typecase typecast typeface typesets tyreless ubieties udderful ulcerate ulcering ulcerous ulterior umbellar umbelled umbellet umbering umteenth unbeared unbeaten unbedded unbegets unbegged unbeings unbelief unbelted unbended unbenign unbereft unbeseem undeafed undecent undecked undeeded undefide undefied undenied undented underact underage underarm underate underbid underbit underbud underbuy undercut underdid underdog undereat underfed underfur undergod underjaw underlap underlay underlet underlie underlip underlit underman undermen underpay underpin underran underrun undersay undersea underset undersky undertax undertow underuse underway underwit undesert undevout unfeared unfelled unfelted unfenced unfences unfetter unfeudal ungeared ungelded ungenial ungentle ungently unheaded unhealed unhealth unhearse unhearts unheated unhedged unheeded unheling unhelmed unhelped unheppen unheroic unkeeled unkenned unkennel unleaded unlearns unlearnt unleased unlethal unletted unlevels unlevied unmeetly unmellow unmelted unmended unmeshed unmeshes unmewing unneeded unnerved unnerves unnested unnethes unnetted unpeeled unpeered unpegged unpenned unpeople unperson unreally unreaped unreason unreaved unreaves unrecked unreeled unreeler unreeved unreeves unreined unrented unrepaid unrepair unrested unretire unsealed unseamed unseared unseason unseated unsecret unseeded unseeing unseeled unseelie unseemly unseized unseldom unselfed unselves unsensed unsenses unserved unsettle unsewing unsexing unsexist unsexual unteamed untemper untenant untended untender untented untested untether unveiled unveiler unveined unvented unversed unvested unvetted unweaned unweapon unweaves unwebbed unwedded unweeded unweened unweight unwelded unwetted unyeaned upbearer upheaped upheaval upheaved upheaver upheaves upjetted upleaned upleaped uppercut upreared upsetter uptempos upwelled uraemias uraeuses urceolus urgences urgently usheress ushering utterers utterest uttering valences valencia valerate valerian valeting vaneless vanessas vanessid vareuses vaselike vaseline vedettes vegelate vegemite vegetals vegetant vegetate vegetist vegetive vehement veneered veneerer venenate venenose venerate venereal venerean venerers veneries venetian verecund veterans viceless vicelike vicenary viceroys videndum videofit videoing videotex videttes vileness vinegars vinegary vineless vinelike vineries vinewing vineyard viperine viperish viperous virelais virelays virement viremias viretots viselike vitellin vitellus vitesses viverras viverrid vixenish voleries vomerine voteable voteless vowelise vowelize vowelled vowesses wadeable wafering wageless wagerers wagering wakeless wakeners wakening wakerife wamefous wamefuls wareless wareroom waterage waterbed waterbus waterdog waterers waterhen waterier waterily watering waterish waterjet waterlog waterloo waterman watermen waterpox waterski waterway waveband waveform waveless wavelets wavelike waveoffs waverers waverier wavering waverous wavesons wedeling wedelned weregild werewolf wheeched wheedled wheedler wheedles wheelers wheelier wheelies wheeling wheelman wheelmen wheenged wheenges wheeping wheepled wheeples wheeshed wheeshes wheeshts wheezers wheezier wheezily wheezing wheezled wheezles wideband widebody wideners wideness widening wideouts wifedoms wifehood wifeless wifelier wifelike wineless wineries winesaps wineshop wineskin winesops wipeouts wiredraw wiredrew wirehair wireless wirelike wiretaps wireways wirework wireworm wirewove wiseacre wiseguys wiselier wiseling wiseness witeless wivehood wizening wobegone xylenols ycleeped ycleepes yodelers yodeling yodelled yodeller yokeless yokelish yokemate ytterbia ytterbic yuletide zanellas zareebas zetetics zibeline zoneless zonetime zooecium zwieback

Which of the following is not an element of fraud a. Scienter b. Misrepresentation of a material fact c. Justifiable reliance by the innocent party d. Ignorance of the law?

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