The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution
Some of the sources of conflict between European countries during the 19th and 20th centuries included space, resources, and ideology.
Primarily it was to obtain the raw materials that existed there. At the time, much of Africa was an unexplored land with untapped resources. Since Africa was technologically inferior to Europe at the time, and the populations there mainly primitive, establishing colonies was not prohibitively difficult. The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 essentially "divided up" Africa into various European colonies and spheres of influence, many of which lasted until the middle of the 20th century.
Totalitarianism was the policy of the government being in control of all decisions and controlling the lives of its citizens. Decolonization involved mother countries (countries in control of another country) allowing the colonies to be in control of their own destinies. Most colonization happened because many European countries were lacking in natural resources and were seeking to gain control of countries that were rich in natural resources.
The population of the 13 colonies in the 17th century ranged from around 50,000 in 1625 to approximately 250,000 by the end of the century. The majority of the population consisted of English settlers, with smaller numbers of individuals from other European countries and enslaved Africans.
European countries established colonies primarily through exploration, trade, and military conquest from the late 15th century onwards. They sent explorers to new territories, claiming land in the name of their monarchs, often using treaties or force to subjugate indigenous populations. Colonization was further facilitated by the establishment of trade routes, the extraction of resources, and the spread of European culture and religion. The competition among European powers fueled rapid expansion, leading to vast empires across Africa, Asia, and the Americas.
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Spain did, on the 16th century.
Colonies began fighting to overthrow colonial control over their governments
a drain on Spanish resources.
European nations expanded their territories in the 19th century through colonization, conquest, and treaties. They pursued these actions to gain resources, expand markets, and exert power globally. This period saw the emergence of European empires as they acquired colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Americas.