Easy way is to right click on fx which is located on the right side of layer (not fx at bottom of LAYERS panel) and choose Copy Layer Style, then right click on layer where you want to paste style and choose Paste Layer Style.
With Move tool you can Move objects (layers) in your document, or move layer from one document to another. Also when this tool isactive you can align and distribute objects from Options Bar (below menus)
Some formats like ai, eps,pdf you can open in Photoshop using open command from File menu, Photoshop will automatically convert vector objects to pixels. Another way is to place vector based image from File > Place. Place command will always create Smart Object which is layer with some extra options. To convert Smart Object layer to regular just right click on Smart Object layer in LAYERS palette and choose Rasterize Layer or go to Layer > Rasterize > Smart Object.
Besides Photoshop, GIMP can also open PSD ( Photoshop Document ) files.Photoshop Elements can open almost fully editable PSD file. Some options are not available in pse like grouping and layer comps, some layer style options and so on but you can still open PSD and work with it. Also many other programs can open PSD files but not fully editable: Adobe Photoshop Lightroom, Adobe Illustrator, Corel Draw and so on.I can advise you an alternative variant below.
Layers are pictures stacked one to another, Layers can contain transparent pixels so you can see through Layer above what is on Layer below.
Layer > Layer Style.
You must first place another image from Image > Place or drag from another document, then click on layer with image (layer with image which you want behind) on LAYERS palette and drag it below layer with image to be above.
Layer > New > Background from layer to convert regular layer to Background.
From Layer > Layer Style > Drop Shadow.
Do you mean align? Using alignment options from Layer > Align > choose option. If you mean text indent then use Paragraph panel (Window > Paragraph).
One layer.
Background.
First click on layer with pixels you want to warp (layer can not be background layer, must be regular layer), in Photoshop CS5 and newer go to Edit > Puppet Warp or Edit > Transform > Warp.