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Vaccines are for preventing infections. Infections are pathogenic (caused by germs). Vaccines help your body prepare to fight specific pathogens, e.g., bacteria and viruses.
Microorganisms. Some can be pathogens.
Yes, animals can and do become ill from a variety of pathogens. Common pathogens of animals include bacteria, viruses and parasites; less common pathogens include fungi and prions. Animals are also susceptible to congenital malformations, degenerative and auto-immune diseases, cancer and trauma.
Bacteria and viruses are the most common causes of food poisoning. Parasites, mold, toxins, contaminants and allergens are also causes of food poisoning.
Currently, all vaccines on the market today only exist for diseases caused by viruses- though not all diseases caused by viruses have a corresponding vaccine. Notably, the common cold (rhinoviruses) and AIDS (HIV) have no vaccines.
Cell Walls
They are all microscopic.
Yes. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi all have the potential to become pathogens to different organisms. Although it doesn't mean that they are all necessarily infectious to human beings now, they have the potential due to genetic mutations and adaptations. Bacteria are especially known to mutate quickly using horizontal gene transfers (cell to cell) and pick up different pathogenicity islands that enable them to become potent pathogens. If you look at many of the bacterial/viral diseases the human population faces, many are from organisms common to different animal hosts that have mutated to become human pathogens. Even the bacteria living on our skin as commensals have the ability to become pathogens once they enter our blood stream.
There many common pathogens. They all are disease causing. Path- means disease + -ogen meaning causing. The list is very long but here you will find many http://www.dnafrequencies.com/dp/human.shtml
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Viruses: Ebola, Influenza, AIDS , "colds"... Bacteria: Tuberculosis, Typhoid fever, Cholera... Fungi: Mycoses, Fungemia, Histoplasmosis... Parasites: Malaria, Snail fever, Amoebiasis... Prions: "Mad cow disease", Kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease ...
Bacteria and viruses. There is basic science for something.