Ethernet
The data link layer header contains the source's physical address. It refers the address that is found in the Network Interface Card.
Internet Protocol, or IP, puts a header on every packet that it sounds out. This header is the overhead. All protocols, such as TCP or UDP, will put a header on the packet. The IP header contains information such as source IP address and destination IP address and is used by routers to figure out where to send the packet. ex. you send your friend a 1kb file, but it takes up 1.5kb of bandwidth due to overhead
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An Ethernet frame has a 14 byte header, a data section, and a 4 byte trailer 14 byte header consist of destination address, source address and type The trailer is for CRC (Cyclic redundancy Check) An Ethernet frame can contain an IP and TCP PDU. IP header most important parts consists of (Version,IHL, Total length,Protocol, source and destination address) In details (Version,Header length,Differentiated services field, total Length, Identification, Flags, fragment offset, Time to live, protocol, header checksum, source and destination address). TCP header most important parts consists of (Source port, Destination port and header Length) In details (Source Port, Destination Port, Sequence number, Acknowledgment number, Header length,Flags,Window and check sum). The details of the IP and TCP header have been taken from a Network protocol Analyzer Wireshark on my own pc.
ARP and RARP protocols are present at network layer. ARP is short form of address resolution protocol. IP is the type of header an ARP frame contain .
The protocol field, in the IP header, identifies what kind of data is in the IP packet - the upper-layer protocol. For example, if the code is 6, that means that the data is a TCP segment.
UDP is a Transport layer protocol or fourth layer protocol. UDP is a connection less protocol used in transport layer. UDP header have four fields in total .
Each packet carries the address of the intended recipient. Each computer has a unique address. It works rather like the postal system.
the email address of the receiver, the header and the message
data link header
next header
The details vary enormously from protocol to protocol, but the basics are the same for all of them. A stream of data is split into packets, the packet has a header which contains (amongst other things) the destination for the packet. The network uses the destination address to deliver the network to the correct destination.