The answer is sympathetic post-ganglionic axon
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine,
Norepinephrine stimulates the release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal medulla.
Andrenergic fibers release Norepinephrine and Cholinergic fibers release Acetylcholine.
The final step in the release of norepinephrine from the sympathetic neuron involves the fusion of vesicles containing norepinephrine with the cell membrane, leading to the release of norepinephrine into the synaptic cleft. This process is triggered by an action potential reaching the nerve terminal.
The autonomic nervous system fibers that release norepinephrine are primarily the postganglionic sympathetic fibers. These fibers originate in the sympathetic ganglia and project to various target organs, where they release norepinephrine to mediate the "fight or flight" response. In contrast, the preganglionic sympathetic fibers release acetylcholine.
Preganglionic sympathetic fibers trigger the release of acetylcholine at the synapse with postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic ganglia. This neurotransmitter binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the postganglionic neuron, which then propagate the signal to release norepinephrine at the target tissue.
release norepinephrine
dopamine and norepinephrine
Norepinephrine is mainly secreted by the adrenal medulla and the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system, which are also known as adrenergic fibers. These fibers release norepinephrine in response to stress or arousal, helping to initiate the body's fight or flight response.
No, postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine, not epinephrine. Epinephrine is released by the adrenal medulla.
Amphetamines are psychostimulant drugs of abuse and include methamphetamine, amphetamine and ecstacy or MDMA. Amphetamine drugs can effect norepinephine in several ways. Initially amphetamine drugs will cause a massive release of all monoamine neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine) from the vesicles inside the presynaptic cleft of a neuron. Furthermore, amphetamine and methamphetamine (not MDMA) are very structurally similar to norepinephrine and can substitute, or move through, the norepinephrine transporter (NET) which regulates the amount of norepinephrine in the synapse. This can lead to dysregulation of the transporter so that it no longer functions properly. This can happen in several ways including internalization of the transporter inside the presynaptic cleft and/or phosphorylation of the transporter, which can essentially shut it off. This means that there is more norepinephrine in the synapse, which can bind to norepinephrine receptors and lead to the subjective (feeling), physiological, behavioral and neurobiological effects of amphetamine drugs.
I only know of seratonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine (sp)