The first temples were built by the Mesopotamians for their gods. This was a polytheistic society, meaning that they believe in more than one god. The first monotheistic society to build a temple were the Egyptians who became monotheistic for a short period of time under their Pharaoh Amenhotep.
Catholics.
It depends entirely on the religion.
The Confucian house of worship is called a Gurdwara. This is the Sikh house of worship and there is no god regarded in Confucianism.
The Kaaba was built by Prophet Ibrahim and his son Isma'il as a place of worship for monotheistic beliefs. Muslims believe it to be the first house of worship dedicated to Allah.
No. Jewish custom is never to enter the house of worship for another religion.
the Khana Kaba
The first thing built in the settlement was the meeting or common house. The guns mounted at the sides, a dormitory and place of worship inside.
Several Bahá'í houses of worship were built; so far, basically one for every continent (as of 2013, the one in South America isn't finished yet). You can find a summary in the Wikipedia article entitled "Bahá'í House of Worship".
Muhammad built a mosque to set up a place for prayer. He used the mosque as the seat of government and as an army training centre. He used the mosque as a community centre and as a school. He also resided inside the mosque of Madinah.
Argentina does not have an official religion and many different types of houses of worship can be found there. Argentina's largest religious group is Catholics, so the most common house of worship in Argentina is a Catholic Church or Cathedral.
Pagodas were built as a place to worship in Japan. A pagoda is a place used to house religious artifacts in the Japanese culture.
The religion that synagogues are associated with is Judaism.