Ions
Substances that pass most readily into a cell are ions. They are transferred through ion channels that are made specifically for this purpose.
Small and non-polar molecules can readily pass through the cell membrane. They follow the concentration gradient, moving from the higher concentration area to the region of lower concentration.
No, smaller molecules generally diffuse more readily than larger molecules because they can move through pores and gaps in substances more easily due to their smaller size. This is why smaller molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse through cell membranes more quickly than larger molecules like proteins.
Small molecules, such as water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
Red blood cells and large proteins are two substances that typically do not readily pass out of the blood vessels into surrounding tissues.
The sucrose molecules are broken down in the molecules of glucose which is the simplest form od the saccharides. The sucrose in the body is not readily metabolized but it has to be broken down into simpler form of molecules. The glucose is easily metabolized int he body.
Glycogen is soluble because it is composed of many glucose molecules linked together in a branched structure. These glucose molecules are hydrophilic, meaning they are attracted to water and can readily dissolve in it. This solubility allows glycogen to be stored in cells and readily broken down to release glucose when needed for energy.
Nonpolar substances such as oils, grease, and tar dissolve most readily in gasoline due to their similar nonpolar nature. Gasoline is a nonpolar solvent, meaning it tends to dissolve other nonpolar substances more readily than polar ones.
The potential energy of organic molecules is most readily available to cells in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the primary energy currency of cells and is generated through the breakdown of organic molecules such as glucose during cellular respiration. Cells can quickly access the energy stored in ATP to power various biological processes.
Animals do not store glucose in starch molecules, but rather in glycogen molecules. Starch molecules have infrequent branching of glucose chains and as such are not readily broken down into glucose monomers by the enzymes that catalyze the reaction. Glycogen molecules follow the same basic structure as starch molecules, but instead have more branching and consequently are broken down easier. This allows for quicker "burst" energy and is better suited to animals' mobility.
Vitamin C molecules, water molecules and glucose molecules are very easily absorbed because they don't have as many particles as starch molecules, protein molecules and fat molecules.
Yeast can readily absorb and metabolize carbohydrates like glucose, fructose, and sucrose. These molecules are broken down by yeast enzymes to generate energy for growth and reproduction. Additionally, yeast can also metabolize amino acids, lipids, and vitamins.