Which type of soil erosion causes the Chambal ravines?

Answer 1

It seems that Chambal ravines looks like sodic columns which are alkalinity effected soils. Soil is degraded when it comes in contact with water having high Sodium and less Calcium content in dissolved form and is measured by the property called Sodium absorption ratio. These ravines are devoid of any vegetative cover also which is an indication of Alkalinity. The land is not graded because the river floods wash off the loose soil and forms gullies left over by the hard sodic columns. These ravines are located in good rainfall area but the salt in the ground water seepage from the upland hills and the salts transported by irrigation canal water seem to be the causes for forming barren sodic soils.

These soils can be made fertile by depressing the water table by pumping water on the surface and injecting carbon dioxide to reduce the PH value. The low pH water would dissolve the calcium in the soil / supplemented lime stone to make up the calcium deficiency in the water. Also water of Chambal river may contain very high sodium because it is located in semi arid region.