New Guinea is a large island north of the Northern Territory, and is Australia's nearest neighbour.
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The United States of America
Brisbane, Queensland, is the Australian state capital closest to the equator. Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory, is even closer to the equator, but N.T. is not a state.
which civilization was closest neighbor
Tibet's closest neighbor is Nepal.
Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory in Australia.
Mexico is the closest southern neighbor for most of the US.
USA is the closest southern neighbor of Canada.
Uluru, also known as Ayres Rock is located in the Northern Territory of Australia. There are flights from London to Darwin (Capital city of the Northern Territory) and you should be able to drive or book a tour from Darwin to Uluru. There are also tours and flights available from other capital cities within Australia, Brisbane in Queensland is probably the next closest. See link below for Uluru tours.
The Australian States and Territories are - Australian Capital Territory - National capital Canberra New South Wales - Capital is Sydney Northern Territory - Capital is Darwin Queensland - Capital is Brisbane South Australia - Capital is Adelaide Tasmania - Capital is Hobart Victoria - Capital is Melbourne Western Australia - Capital is Perth The nearest country to Australia is Papua New Guinea.
No town in South Australia lies on the border with Victoria. The closest is probably Frances, a small township with a population of about 50, between Bordertown and Naracoorte on the now disused railway line. It is about 1 kilometre west of the border.
The closest major reef to Australia is the Great Barrier Reef which lies off the coast of Queensland. The northern end of the Great Barrier Reef is just a few hundred metres offshore.