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Perhaps the first to use critical methods to study the Old Testament was Jean Astruc, physician to the French King Louis XV, in 1753. In doing so, he sought to prove that Moses really was the author of the Pentateuch. Although modern scholars no longer accept Moses as the author, Astruc's work created an awareness of the importance of critical analysis in the study of The Bible.

Julius Wellhausen, a German scholar, developed Source Criticism, publishing his major work in the 1880s. Source Criticism, in which scholars investigate the likely original sources of the Pentateuch, has probably been the most important issue to date in the critical study of the Pentateuch.

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Q: Who are the scholars who contributed to the critical study of the Pentateuch?
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