Jesus gave Peter and his successors the Keys to the Kingdom. Whatever he binds on Earth is bound in Heaven.
The oral and written rules and traditions Of the Roman Church.
The Pope controls all Catholic Churches, including Ukrainian, however they maintain their own individual style of worship. They share dogmatic beliefs with the universal church.
Today the pope only controls Vatican City. Until about 1870 a large swath of land in Italy called the Papal States was also governed by the pope but this was all lost with the unification of Italy. Vatican City as we know it today was created as an independent city-state by the Lateran Treaty in 1929.
Pope Paul VI was elected pope after the death of Pope John XXIII.
John Paul II
There is no pope named Pope XXIII. If you are referring to Pope John XXIII, he became pope in 1958.
Pope Francis is the reigning pope in 2013.
The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI.
Pope Pius III was the predecessor of Pope Julius II.
Pope Benedict followed Pope John Paul II as pope.
It was Pius XII. He was pope from Mar. 2, 1939 to his death on Oct. 9, 1958.
Pope Pius I was the 10th pope.
Pope Francis is pope number 266.