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The upper class was not created. it developed in the very early days of Rome. They were the patricians. Their power rested on two factors.

One was that their clans claimed descent from the original senators of Rome. Romulus, the founder of Rome, selected 100 pater familias (fathers of the family, heads of the household) form the leading clans of Rome at the time to seat in the senate, which was the advisory body of the king. This gave the patricians a claim of ancestral entitlement to authority and the prestige of an ancestry went back to the beginning of Rome. The term patrician was derived from pater (familias). They called themselves the patres (the fathers of the city)

The other factor was that they came to monopolise the priesthoods during the years of their formation. This was very important because religion regulated many aspects of private, public, political and military life. Several political process, and even war, had to start after the taking of the auspices (divination of the omens of the gods). The kings of Rome also had priestly functions; they were also augurs (performers of auspices). When the king died, his auspice was reverted back to the senators, who were the ultimate holders of the auspices. The senators also selected the candidate for the next kingship and when the new king was elected, they conferred auspice on the king. In the Republic, the priestly senators conferred auspice on top officers of state. Thus, the priesthoods gave the patricians great authority and political influence.

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Q: Who created the upper class in Rome?
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