In a word, Jesus.
The Liberal Catholic Movement was created in 1916.
Catholic Worker Movement was created in 1933.
Malankara Catholic Youth Movement was created in 1967.
The movement which separated from the Catholic Church is known as 'the Protestant Reformation.' It was started by Martin Luther.
You would be better asking what secular movement did not criticize the Catholic Church, the list would be a lot shorter.
No, he did not start the Catholic Church.
He wasn't a monk. Martin Luther was a law student that questioned the Catholic Church. He was the start of the Protestant movement of the Christian Church.
Catholic Reformation or Counter Reformation
Martin Luther lead the Protestant movement which condemned the Catholic church. Some monarchs liked the movement and changed the religion of their kingdoms from Catholic to Protestant.
Dorothy Day founded the Catholic Worker Movement which was a newspaper during the Great Depression.
Individual Actors
The priest led the church service on Sunday morning.