It was the very first conductor discovered in the 18 hundreds
Graphite is an electricity conductor; I suppose that the discoverer of this property is unknown.
There is no positive and negative conductor. There are just two ends of a conductor, namely positive and negative. It is usually said that electricity flows from the positive to the negative side of a conductor, but scientists have discovered, that current consists of electrons that always flows from the negative to the positive side.
The property of superconductivity was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, in Leiden, South Holland, in 1911.
The Hall effect is the production of a voltage difference (the Hall voltage) across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current. It was discovered by Edwin Hall in 1879
Superconductivity was first observed by the Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes. He had developed a method to liquify helium and was therefore in a unique position to perform experiments at low temperatures. In 1911, three years after his first helium liquefaction, Kamerlingh Onnes discovered that the resistance of solid mercury drops to zero when it is cooled below its critical temperature (4.1 K), for which he was awarded the 1913 Nobel prize of physics.
It is possible that the stationmaster required an actual conductor to accompany and introduce all arrivals, or suspect that he'd been discovered.
Thomas Johann Seebeck accidentally discovered the Thermocouple in 1821. He experimentally determined that a voltage exists between the two ends of a conductor when the conductor’s ends are at different temperatures. His work showed that this voltage is proportional to the temperature difference. His discovery soon became the basis of “the thermocouple”, which today is one of the most popular and cost effective temperature sensors
It's made of steel with a coating of nickel, so it is a conductor but not as good as the old coins with copper in.
Brass is a metal that conducts electricity. Therefore, a brass paper clip is a conductor.
Silver is the best conductor of the elements, followed by copper. But the best are probably still to be discovered. Certain ceramics have been found to be better. There's work going on currently investigating conduction and superconduction, particularly at very low temperatures.
The p-n junction was discovered by Russell Ohl. A p-n junction is boundary between two types of semi-conductor material. One can find more information on a p-n junction on Wikipedia.