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These are excerpts from my book: The Never Realized Republic: Political Economy and Republican Virtue, found on Amazon.com

Ultimately, Hamilton and the Federalists went far beyond correcting the fiscal weaknesses of the Confederation. It had laid a foundation of political authority and power that was to be exercised within a context of utility, necessity, and open- endeness.

Federalism was almost a limitless power within limited authority and until "the United States fairly goes to pieces no man can do more than alter or improve the work accomplished by Hamilton and his party." The inevitable clash was due entirely to the influence of one man on a certain stage of commercial development and utilizing that stage as a foundation for a vision. Relying on the faith of a people, tired from war and political struggle, "Hamilton dominated the American Government from 1790 to 1795. His administrative genius set the tone of the new government."1

The Revolution and the constitutional era were not miraculous, "because they can be explained historically,"2 These events were not without precedent. Hamilton's policies as well, are able to be explained historically and had even more specific historical precedent. Although many have been unable to show a particular source or authority,3 of Hamilton's policies, we can see him fitting into certain classical values, contributing to the "flow of transatlantic thought," and wanting to do good for the public good.

Hamilton was primarily concerned with creating sounds and appearances,4 and he also demonstrated the ways and means to influence if not to form public opinion. Whether by appealing to the fears of the people or to their pride, Hamilton knew how to influence people and manipulate situations to his advantage.

It is fair to say that these advantages were never personal. His motive was not self-aggrandizement. He worked for his vision of a commercial and industrialized America.5 In a broader context of domination and expansion, Hamilton set out "to make a second England of America, eventually to take over Britains ascendency, that was a pursuit of national greatness that Hamilton linked to his own striving for enduring fame."6

The means to this end are seen in Hamilton's own words: "There is, in the nature of things, as will be more particularly noticed in another place, an intimate connection of interest between the government and the bank of a nation."7 It was this source that Hamilton favored to back and bankroll his vision.

1"The true ground of Hamilton's great reputation is to be found in the mass and variety of legislation and organization which characterized the first administration of Washington." Rose, "Alexander Hamilton and the Historians," Stanley D. Rose, "Alexander Hamilton and the Historians," Vanderbilt Law Review, II, (1958), 878. Hereinafter cited as Rose, "Alexander Hamilton and the Historians."

2Bernard Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution, (Cambridge: Mass, 1992), rev. ed., 66-67. Hereinafter cited as Bailyn, The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution.

3"In seeking out the sources of Hamilton's ideas, we soon learn that these sources are not readily discoverable." Rose,"Alexander Hamilton and the Historians," 856.

4 Hamilton most aptly applied the art of sounds and appearances to the establishment of the public credit. "Hamilton's funding system was part of his plan to adopt policies that produced sounds and appearances which would work toward the early establishment of public credit." Donald F. Swanson, Origins of Hamilton's Fiscal Policies, (Gainseville: University of Florida Press, 1963), 85. Hamilton makes frequent use and mention of sounds and appearances both in his financial and political sentiments. As a prelude to persuasion his convictions conveyed the sounds and appearances of authority and experience. "There are appearances to authorize a supposition that the adventurous spirit, which distinguishes the commercial character of America has already excited uneasy sensations in several of the maritime powers of Europe." Rossiter, ed., The Federalist Papers, No. 11, 85.

5 "The true ground of Hamilton's great reputation is to be found in the mass and variety of legislation and organization which characterized the first administration of Washington." Rose, "Alexander Hamilton and the Historians," 878.

6 Gerald Stourzh, Alexander Hamilton and the Idea of Republican Government, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1970), 6.

7 Samuel McKee, ed., Papers on Public Credit, Commerce, and Finance by Alexander Hamilton (New York: Columbia University Press, 1934), 58..

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