Who ensured that ancient roman rules were followed?

Answer 1

Romans rules were enforced by two officials (later on only one) and by judges.

The praetors were chief justices. They presided over criminal proceedings (quaestiones perpetuae) and appointed judges who acted as jurors in voting for guilt or innocence. During the Roman Republic in cases of civil litigation the praetor appointed a judge to preside over a trial and prescribed the sentence for the judge, should he adjudicate in favour of the case. The ruling of the judge was binding. Later, during the period of rule by emperors, this two-stage process largely disappeared, and the praetor would either hear the whole case in person or appoint a delegate (iudex pedaneus).

During the Roman Republic, the censors were responsible for overseeing public morality and were seen as the preservers of public morals. Besides dealing with crimes of morality, their role was alto maintain the traditional Roman character, ethics, and behaviour. The punishment issued though a nota inurebant(burned in mark, branding, black mark) or animadversio censoria ("censorial reproach") which stigmatised the person. This led to ignominia (disgrace) a punishment of civil degradation

Ignominia varied according to the social rank of the offender. They were: ejectio e senatu, ejection from the Senate; ademptio equi, or the taking away the publicly funded horse from an equestrian (the second highest social rank); motio e tribu, the transfer from a rural district from a less respectable urban district; and referre in aerarios or facere aliquem aerarium, this was a punishment which was additional to the ones above and involved paying a poll tax which was considerably higher than that paid by the other citizens. It is uncertain whether it also involved loss of the right to vote. Ignominia was a temporary punishment.

During the period of rule by emperors, the functions of the censor were taken over by the emperor.