Whomever the court decides. It's not a simple formula, as you seem to think. The judge would take citizenship status into account, along with all the other factors, in making his decision.
That depends on the judge. Normally in the US the mother is given custody. Although there is a trend of joint custody. It's no different than being married to a US citizen. My sister was married to Canadian and she was given full custody. It is always best to work out the arraingment with the ex.
If they are the parent and they jabe custody, yes, that is one of their rights. If they have shared custody, an agreement must be made with all persons that have custody as well. If they are not the parent, then they have no right to take the child anywhere, unless that permission is explicitly granted to them by the parent or guardian.
yes if you are a citizen or a resident. I am not a citizen or resident of America though.. im citizen of Canada
Getting custody and the right to leave the country are separate matters. see link
The mother can legally retain sole custody of the child until the father establishes paternity and files for custodial rights. This is an issue that is covered by "common law" and would apply regardless of the resident status of the mother. If the father chooses to petition for custody, the issue would be decided by the court based upon what would be best for the child.
If not married, the mother always has sole custody, even without an order. see links below
a resident?
Resident Alien
to be a true resident be born there
by legally marrying that us citizen or print a form from the internet requesting to be a permanent resident
A resident alien?
Casey Anthony is a US citizen. She is a resident of the state of Florida.