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The first random access memory was the Williams-Kilburn Tube (a type of cathode ray tube - CRT) invented by Freddie Williamsand Tom Kilburn in 1946 at the University of Manchester in England. It was a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) like most modern semiconductor random access memory, and like them needed to be refreshed periodically to prevent loss of data due to the gradual discharge of the capacitances used to store bits. Unlike modern semiconductor random access memory, addressing of the memory used analog waveforms which made the Williams-Kilburn Tube sensitive to drift, temperature changes, power stability, etc.

It was very popular on large high speed computers until ferrite magnetic core memory began to replace it after 1954. Magnetic core memory had the advantages of being nonvolatile static random access memory (NOVSRAM) meaning it not only needed no refresh but also retained data while power was off, as well as having all digital addressing.

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Q: Who invented the random access memory?
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