The earliest recorded heliocentric ("Sun-centered") model of the solar system is generally attributed to Aristarchus of Samos in the 3rd century BC although several philosophers and mystics of many traditions and cultures hypothesized this possibility before and after him. The idea itself is counterintuitive and the geocentric ("Earth centered"), or Ptolemaic view was favored by most astronomers until well into the 17th century.
It was Nicolaus Copernicus who first proposed a mathematical model of the solar system with the Sun at the center but his work was not widely known at its publishing and his model was not as accurate at predicting the locations of the planets as the (later proven incorrect) Ptolemaic model.
Galileo Galilei was an astronomer of the Copernican school who made important observations of the phases of Venus which proved conclusively that the Ptolemaic system was incorrect. Coupled with his discovery of moons orbiting Jupiter, the case against a geocentric universe was basically insurmountable.
Johannes Kepler, a contemporary of Galileo, created a mathematical model of a heliocentric solar system which could be used to make predictions of the locations of the planets with a high degree of accuracy that was missing from the Copernican model.
While there is no one father of modern astronomy, Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler are the most often referred to Renaissance astronomers who are responsible for the heliocentric model which represents an incredibly important, fundamental and undeniable shift in the way we all view the universe and our place within it.
In the 8th century, Ja'far al-Sadiq refuted the geocentric model of the universe common at the time, in which the Earth is not moving and the Sun, Moon and the planets are orbiting around it. He was the first to refute Ptolemy's theory of the sun having two movements, one going round the Earth in one year and the other going round the earth in 24 hours causing day and night. Al-Sadiq argued that if the Sun is moving round the Earth for one year, it cannot suddenly change its course and go round the Earth for one day. He suggested that this could be explained with a heliocentric theory in which the Earth rotates on its axis and around the Sun. Al-Sadiq also wrote a theory on how the universe is expanding and contracting. He also stated that every object in the universe is always in motion, including objects which appear to be inanimate.[5]
Al-Sadiq's student, Geber (Jabir ibn Hayyan), asked him the following question on the stars:"How does the movement of the stars keep them from falling?"[5]
Al-Sadiq replied:"Put a stone in a sling and swing it round your head. The stone will stay in the sling so long as you are rotating it. But as soon as you stop the rotation, the stone will fall down on the ground. In the same way the perpetual motion of stars keeps them from falling down."[5]
The Father is unknown, but the Ancient Egyptians were advanced astronomers around 6500 BC!
Comment: The ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus is often described in this way.
NO one really is the father of ASTRONOMY. Because there has never been a FATHER OF SCIENCE. Science deals with knowing more and more, knowledge is not finite. It is infinite and so is everything dealing with science. Comment: In fact Aristarchus, the ancient Greek astronomer, is often called the father of astronomy.
The Greek scientist Hipparchus (fl. 146-127 b.c.e.) is considered to be the father of systematic astronomy. He measured as accurately as possible the directions of objects in the sky. He compiled the first catalog of stars, containing about 850 entries, and designated each star's celestial coordinates, indicating its position in the sky. Hipparchus also divided the stars according to their apparent brightness or magnitudes.
There seem to be no records as to who was the "father of astronomy" but Galileo has been called the "father of modern observational astronomy," as has Tycho Brahe.
The astronomer who discovered the earth revolved around the sun was Galileo Galilei.
The father of modern astronomy is Copernicus.
The ancient Greek astronomer, Aristarchus of Samos.
(He has, conveniently, got "star" in his name.)
nicolous Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus
Historically, it was the optical telescope. Modern radio telescopes, and cameras mounted on satellites, have advanced astronomy even further.
From what little I understand of your question I am guessing that the theory that is no longer accepted could be the Geocentric Model of the Universe. That is the theory that everything revovles aroung the Earth while the Earth is stationary.
Mesozoic, paleolithic, paleozoic, cretaceous
George II, duke of Saxe Meiningen
It should ask you if you want it turned down at the opening screen for the first time.
Copernicus was credited with being the first astronomer to create a scientific-based heliocentric cosmology that showed the Earth from the center of the universe. He was the starting point of modern astronomy. (From wikipedia)
Edwin Hubble.
Modern Astronomy is the astronomy in which we actually started looking at celestial bodies up close. Today there is a lot going on about the information of astronomy. Galileo was the first modern astronomer, just an interesting fact to throw in!
The foundations of modern Astronomy were laid by Ptolemy, a Greek astronomer and astrologer who lived in Egypt when it was ruled by Rome. Roman astrology was based on his work. Astrology was popular among the poor, and was disapproved by the educated elites.
A very large number of astronomers could be named as being important going back several centuries. People like Galileo, Copernicus, Newton and many others would be amongst those. More modern ones would include Hubble, Einstein, Shoemaker, Penzias, Wilson, Dicke, Hawking and many others.
Modern astronomy.
It tells the astronomer the general direction in which the star is located.
No
Chopin is credited with creating the modern piano style.
Edwin Hubble.
Who was the father of modern astronomy: JKepler and Newton. Who asserted that the Earth orbits around the Sun: Copernicus and Galileo.
David S. Evans has written: 'Frontiers of astronomy' 'Observation in modern astronomy'