Shalom-Shmuel Schwarzbard was a Russian-born French Yiddish poet of Jewish descent. He served in the French and Soviet military, was an anarchist, and is known for the assassination of the Ukrainian national leader Symon Petliura. He wrote poetry in Yiddish under the pen name of Baal-Khaloymes.
Sholom Schwartzbard was a Jewish activist known for assassinating Symon Petliura, a Ukrainian politician accused of being involved in anti-Jewish pogroms. Schwartzbard sought revenge for the suffering of his people and was tried for the assassination but later acquitted by a French court.