It was Gorbachev because he was the former statesmen, served as a General Security of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991, and as the first president of the Soviet Union from 1988 until its dissolution in 1991.
The Soviet Union was the center of communism. When it fell other communist countries either adopted democracy or free-market reforms.
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Mikhail Gorbachev
Mikhail Gorbachev
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The reforms that led to democratization of the Soviet Union were begun by Gorbachev because the Soviet Union was near bankruptcy, and capitalism meant more money for them. Pope John Paul and Ronald Reagan also had some responsibility for the democratization.
They didn't. Gorbachev was simply a Soviet bureaucrat seeking to put a gloss of democracy onto a Soviet Dictatorship in order to persuade the West to increase trade and thus prop up his empire's dying economy. The fraudulence of his reforms finally touched off real unrest in Soviet Russia leading to Gorbachev's fall in 1991.
Mikhail Gorbachev.
Please clarify, expand or reword your question.
It refers to the Soviet Union becoming 15 separate countries in 1991. What was the Soviet Union broke up into those countries. This was as a result of a lot of reforms and political upheaval in the Soviet Union which started when Mikhail Gorbachev became the president in 1985.