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The USA's Enterprise was the first shuttle but was built in 1976 as a test platform for the future shuttle fleet. The Challenger was the first to achieve Earth orbit in 1981.

Of the Soviet fleet of shuttles, only one acheved Earth orbit and successful reentry, but this occured much later, when the USSR decided the US shuttles represented a serious security threat. The Soviet shuttles were moth-balled upon the collapse of the CCCP (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics).

No other countries have built successful shuttles.

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