The Scottish Reformation was part of the Protestant Reformation, whereby the country formally broke from the Papacy and the church was re-established based on Calvinism. This occurred in 1560.
John Wesley played a big part in the reformation , he also wrote many hymns.
Music was an important part of the Reformation. Many new hymns reflective of the Biblical doctrines of the reformation, were an important part of worship. Luther himself wrote quite a few. Plus there are many pieces of music written for the organ which sprang out of the Reformation music tradition. Several million Lutherans are in the US as well.
Into Catholic and Protestant, although there are some Christian groups such as the Mennonites who existed as spiritual descendants from earlier anabaptists who were not part of the Protestant Reformation. They existed before then, and were to a degree persecuted by the Protestants, particularly Luther.
The Protestant Reformation took place in 1517, and split Christianity between Catholicism and Protestantism. Rhode Island was founded by radical theologian, Roger Williams in 1636, after being driven out of the Massachusetts colony for what was considered radical thinking in those days.
The protestant revolt ended with the northern part of the Holy Roman Empire and parts north becoming protestant - Scandavian, Belgium, also parts of Europe, the Netherlands, etc. Portugal, Spain, France, Austria, Sourthern Germany, and Italy remained Catholic. England, Scotland, and Wales had their own revolt leaving the Church, while Ireland remained Catholic.
Elvis's part in history was a huge one. He was named the king of rock n' roll and he played a huge part in inventing it.
It was Protestant. Elizabeth I, who ruled from 1558-1603, the last Tudor Monarch of England was considered illegimate by the Roman Catholic Church, who wanted her cousin, Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots on the Throne of England. She summoned Parliament to consider a Reformation Bill to create a new church in England in 1559. Parliament entered a new Bill, the Act of Supremacy making Elizabeth the head of the "Protestant" Church of England. Thus in 1600, England was a Protestant monarchy, part of the Protestant Reformation.
Moved religous messages to the background-APex
A large part of why the Reformation gained so much steam was because the put upon and forgotten and abused had suffered under the apathy of the Catholic Church for so long. Seeing the principals of the Reformation relating to the uplifting of their own needs was a crucial point that carried the movement into the modern age.
Ignatius Loyola was against Martin Luther. Loyola was the founder of the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), a Catholic religious order that played a significant role in the Counter-Reformation aimed at combating Protestantism. Martin Luther, on the other hand, was a key figure in the Protestant Reformation that opposed certain teachings and practices of the Catholic Church.
The Council of Trent was part of the reformation of the Catholic Church, if you are asking how it stopped the protestant revolt, I'm afraid that it did not succeed in that, although it certainly, through education and a thorough understanding of doctrine, prevent more religious from leaving the Church to start their own religions.