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Writers and poets have not translated this effective tale, written by Adi-Kavi (the first poet) Valmiki in Sanskrit, in their respective languages but have rewritten or recreated it according to the cultural influences of the times.

The books written by Indian or foreign scholars on this epic are also numerous. Its theme is so beneficial for humanity that Akbar the Great ordered it to be translated into Persian along with other Sanskrit classics. Mullah Abdul Qadir Badayuni reluctantly translated it under royal pressure into Persian.

Then some other prose writers and poets began to translate or compose it into Persian as it was the language of the elite and court during those days. Out of the so many Ramayanas in Persian, there are two important ones which remained neglected in spite of their admirable moral messages and excellent artistry.

The first is the Ramayan-e-Masih, composed by Sheikh Sadullah Masih Panipati, the contemporary of Emperor Shahjahan and Jahangir. It was published in 1899 by Munshi Naval Kishor Press, Lucknow. The other is entitled Balmiki Ramayan, written by S. Mohar Singh who was employed in Maharaja Ranjit Singh's army. It was published in 1890 by Ganesh Prakash Press, Lahore.

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Q: Who translated Ramayana into Persian?
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