A Greek historian and philosopher of the 2nd-century CE. He wrote a description of the campaigns of Alexander the great called Anabasis.
Arrian.
When Alexander the great crossed the Hellespont he was leading an army of 42.000 men that reached in its peak 100.000 men according to ancient sources Arrian, Plutarch, Diodorus etc.
Alexander the Great's impact on people varied. He brought stability and prosperity to some regions through his conquests, spreading Hellenistic culture and facilitating trade. However, his campaigns also caused significant destruction and loss of life, particularly in cities that resisted his rule. Overall, his legacy is complex and includes both positive and negative consequences for the people affected by his actions.
It is not clear when the book of Deeds of Alexander was published. But secondary authors do not quote it to describe the events after 329, and it is possible that Callisthenes considered the death of Bessus, the last leader of the Persians, to be a fitting climax of his history. The book of Deeds of Alexander is now lost, but underlies much of what was written later. - There are many ancient sources on the career of the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great: the Library of world history of Diodorus of Sicily, Quintus Curtius Rufus' History of Alexander the Great of Macedonia, a Life of Alexander by Plutarch of Chaeronea and the Anabasis by Arrian of Nicomedia are the best-known. All these authors lived more than three centuries after the events they described, but they used older, nearly contemporary sources, that are now lost.
It has not yet been proven that Alexander the Great was gay, but he was married to a women to have a child.There is no proof that Alexander the Great ever had sexual relations with men. Any evidence to the contrary is purely circumstantial.There does not seem to be a definitive answer to this question. And since we can't ask Alexander about his sexual orientation, it seems this debate will never be settled.I remember watching a History Channel program that pretty much asserted that he was gay, as if it were an indisputable fact. But if you Google "Alexander the Great was gay" (or similar search words) about half the websites seem to say yes, he was gay, and the other half say "it's just a rumor, there's no real evidence, blah blah blah..."AnswerThere is no proof that Alexander the Great ever had sexual relations with men. Any evidence to the contrary is purely circumstantial.AnswerThroughout his life, Alexander the Great's greatest documented bond was with his boyhood friend Hephaestion. Arrian recorded Alexander and Hephaestion presenting wreath on the tombs of Achilles and Patroclus (who are both acknowledged by Plato and Aeschylus as being lovers). This was evidently a symbollic declaration of love. Upon Hephaestion's death, Alexander was recorded as having entered into a state of horrible depression, one which would follow him to the grave just a year later. Such was his suffering that he spread his mourning throughout the empire and elevated Hephaestion to divinity, creating shrines in his honor and establishing a cult. Alexander was also an avid employer of political marriages, uniting his generals to defeated daughters of kings and noblemen in efforts to extend his empire into Asia. It would not be farfetched to conclude that his unions to Roxana, Stateira II and Parysatis (all conquered Persian noblewomen) were likewise heavily politically motivated.What the sexual orientation of Alexander "truly" was is left to the sands of history, as human sexuality at that time and place was understood, performed and internalized differently than today. On the other hand, the relationship between Alexander and Hephaestion and how deep and loving it was needs to be remembered and not modified as mere "friends" as is often the case in textbooks.History tells us he was bi-sexual.
Arrian died in 160.
Arrian
Arrian.
Philip A. Stadter has written: 'Arrian of Nicomedia'
The Anabasis of Alexander by Arrian of Nicomedia.
Yes , Arrian was able to use sources now lost to the modern historian .
There were several during the 4th Century BCE - prominent Xenephon and Arrian.
According to Arrian he crossed to Asia Minor 30,000 infantry including light troops and archers, and 5,000 cavalry.
Yes, Epictetus was a Stoic philosopher. He is known for his teachings that emphasize self-discipline, acceptance of fate, and focusing on what is in our control. His works, recorded by his student Arrian, have had a significant influence on Stoic philosophy.
Yes he did. When Alexander the Great crossed the Hellespont he was leading an army of 42.000 men that reached in its peak 100.000 men according to ancient sources Arrian, Plutarch, Diodorus etc.
When Alexander the great crossed the Hellespont he was leading an army of 42.000 men that reached in its peak 100.000 men according to ancient sources Arrian, Plutarch, Diodorus etc.
Epictetus was a Greek Stoic philosopher who lived in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. He is known for his teachings on ethics, virtue, and self-discipline, which were compiled by his student Arrian into the "Discourses" and the "Enchiridion." His philosophy emphasizes the importance of focusing on what is within our control and accepting what is not.