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Carlos María Isidro Benito, better known as Carlos V or Charles V, was the second (suriving) son of Charles IV, the king of the Kingdom of Spain. He was born on March 29th, 1788 in Madrid. In 1808, Napoleon of France attacked and captured Madrid, and shortly afterwards, induced Carlos's father and older brother to renounce their rights to being the King of Spain. Carlos, however, refused to join them, which he believed was given to him by god. Because of this, he became a prisoner of France until 1814. After being released, he and many other members of the Spanish royal family returned to Spain. During his rule thereafter, he did not take a significant part of the governance of Spain. He cooperated with liberals and to a sign a consitution, however, he continued to have an infamously firm belief in the divine-right theory of kingship.

During his rule, Carlos published a document known as the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830. This allowed for daughters to take the throne as well as sons.

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