Who was Mexico invaded by?

Answer 1

Three foreign countries have ever invaded Mexico:

Spain

(August 13, 1521 - September 21, 1810): At the Fall of Tenochtitlan, Spain conquered Mexico thus becoming a Spanish colony. After a successful war of independence, Mexico became independent on September 27, 1821 when the Army of the Three Guarantees entered Mexico City.

France

(November 27, 1838 - March 9, 1839): At the Pastry War, the French navy imposed a naval blockade on Mexico, when a pastry cook demanded 600,000 to the Mexican government in damages due to looting. Such amount was overly exaggerated, as it would equal some US$11.2 million in today's prices. After negotiations took place and such amount was promised to be paid, France lifted the blockade.

(8 December 1861 - 21 June 1867): With the pretext of collecting debts, France invaded Mexico and helped establish a puppet monarchy, led by Emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg. The true aim of France was to help the Confederation during the American Civil War (1861-1865) and prevent the rise of the United States as a world power. After a bitter guerrilla war, president Benito Juarez captured and executed Emperor Maximilian, thus restoring the Republic and ending the French occupation.

United States

(April 25, 1846 - February 2, 1848): By annexing Texas, the US government provoked Mexico into war with the aims of acquiring California. This war would result in the Mexican Cession, when the whole states of California, Nevada, Utah and Texas, as well as parts of Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, Arizona, New Mexico and Kansas became part of the United States.

(April 12, 1914 - November 23, 1914): Some time after the Tampico Affair (a misunderstanding between American sailors and Mexican soldiers) and based on information provided by faulty intelligence reports, president Woodrow Wilson gave green light to the invasion of the port of Veracruz, taking the city and keeping an American occupation for almost six months. Mexico was in the middle of its Mexican Revolution, so it would not be capable to respond adequately. However, this action would take both countries to the brink of war and damaged diplomatic relations for decades to come.

(March 14, 1916 - February 7, 1917): After Mexican revolutionary Francisco "Pancho" Villa attacked the town of Columbus, New Mexico on March 19, 1916, a punitive expedition led by general John J. Pershing was sent into Mexico to capture Villa. Again, Mexico was in the middle of its Mexican Revolution, so it could not respond to such border transgression. Villa was never caught, and the expedition didn't prevent more border raids int to the United States. It was such a failure, that Pershing himself wrote:

...when the true history is written, it will not be a very inspiring chapter for school children, or even grownups to contemplate. Having dashed into Mexico with the intention of eating the Mexicans raw, we turned back at the first repulse and are now sneaking home under cover, like a whipped curr with its tail between its legs.