Rhazes
A Persian scientist, he was known for the Latins as Rhazes
Rhazes (Muhammad ibn Zakariyā Rāzī, 865 - 925), an Iranian physician, alchemist and philosopher.
Believed in Hippocrate's methods of observing and recording. Wrote the first accurate descriptions of of measles and smallpox..
Al-Razi, sometimes referred to by his Latin name as Rhazes, used animal guts as suture materials.
Some consider Al-Razi (Rhazes), born in 865 AD, to be the greatest physician in the Muslim world. He wrote a 10-volume treatise on Greek medicine and published his thoughts on measles and smallpox. His texts were reprinted well into the nineteenth century.
So many thins are invented in Iran, for example:* Alcohol invented by Raazi (Latin Rhazes, Muslim physician and writer, whose medical writings greatly influenced the Islamic world as well as Western Europe in the Middle Age) * Algorithm invented by Kharazmi (Muhammad al-Khwārizmī) * Stem cells * ...
The first psychotherapy clinic was opened in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. However, psychotherapy existed in many forms prior to the clinic opening. Theory-based psychotherapy is believed to have first come into practice in the 9th century by the Persian physician Rhazes.
Yes, he did. He primarily copied direct work and answers from the books, and works of legendary Muslim scholars Al- Batani, Ar- Razi (Greek name: Rhazes), Al- Tusi, e.t.c. Copernicus's works were not as accurate as the Muslim scholars 200 years before him, therefore, he could not help but to copy from their works. I am not 100% sure if he cited his copying.
There is no easy answer to this question because it is so broad. Petroleum can be refined into a multitude of substances. Although the first recognized commercial refinery is widely believed to have been in the late 1850's, there is ample evidence to show the advent of the refining of petroleum for kerosene nearly 1000 years earlier in the ninth century by the Persian Razi (or Rhazes). Further, if you allow for natural refinement, naphtha and similar products were used in warfare by both the Greeks and Romans, and probably before. If you would like to refine your question, perhaps someone can give you a more precise answer. So, to answer your question as asked, "Crude oil was first naturally refined in prehistoric times, and was used for things such as water proofing, building (adhesives), fuel, and medicine."
Measles produces a red-brown spotty rash. Measles can lead to very serious complications that can sometimes be fatal. These include bacterial infection in the lungs (pneumonia) and the brain (encephalitis). It's estimated that around one in every 5,000 people with measles will die as a result of a serious complication.Early physicians in Asia and North Africa identified and diagnosed measles, which was similar to smallpox. Modern scientists would later suggest that measles evolved after the rise of early civilization in the Middle East and may have come from animals; the virus was highly similar to rinderpest, which infected cattle.In 340, Chinese alchemist Ko Hung described the difference between smallpox and measles; a Christian priest, Ahrun, did the same in Egypt about 300 years later. In 910, the Persian physician Rhazes published the most widely celebrated early diagnoses of the two diseases.1492: In a pattern that would be repeated across the world for centuries, Christopher Columbus and his fellow European explorers arrived in the Americas, bringing a raft of deadly diseases — including measles —with them.Native Americans had no natural immunity to many of these diseases. Measles became even more efficient killers in the New World. By some estimates, the Native American population fell by as much as 95% over the next 150 years due to disease.
Reports of measles go as far back to at least 600 B!.C!. however, the first scientific description of the disease and its distinction from smallpox is attributed to the Persian physician Ibn Razi (Rhazes) 860-932 who published a book entitled "The Book of Smallpox and Measles" (in Arabic: Kitab fi al-jadari wa-al-hasbah)!. In roughly the last 150 years, measles has been estimated to have killed about 200 million people worldwide!.[1] In 1954, the virus causing the disease was isolated from an 11-year old boy from the US, David Edmonston, and adapted and propagated on chick embryo tissue culture!.[2] To date, 21 strains of the measles virus have been identified!.[3] Licensed vaccines to prevent the disease became available in 1963!.Www@Answer-Health@Com