Louis pasteur was
The germ theory of disease.
The germ theory of disease is the theory that microorganisms are the cause of disease. They spread when the host is exposed to the pathogen by various means.
Starvation
It must pass the germ theory.
Etomology
Epidemiology
No. Nobody really knows why women get endometriosis, although it is probably linked to autoimmune disorders.
Sufficient cause is a cause without which will not cause the disease but with it will absolutely will cause the disease.
Not all diseases are caused by microbes. The theory of one microbe causing one disease was proven long ago. We know now that it is more complex that that now. To prove this, see what microbes will grow from each person who has a similar disease and if these microbes are the same microbe, this microbe caused this disease. However, the proof would need thousands of cases to "cement" the cause.
No. They are microorganisms that cause disease.
A pathogen is an organism that can cause a disease.