Disaster befell more than one expedition in the four centuries that explorers searched for the Northwest Passage, but I think the name you want is Sir John Franklin. He is the most famous because all of the Franklin Expedition died.
Captain Francis Crozier found the north west passage.
Verrazano
Henry Hudson
The Norwegian explorer, Fridtjof Nansen proved the Arctic was a deep polar ocean with a drifting ice cap in the late 1890's. Previously there were ideas that within the belt of ice, open shallow water, perhaps land surrounded the North Pole.
Four : The North-West Passage: Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the ship "Gjoa" , The South Pole: An Account of the Norwegian Antarctic Expedition in the "Fram" , The First Flight Across the Polar Sea and My Life as an Explorer .
There were many explorers looking for the northwest passage. One explorer you would probably be familiar with is Christopher Columbus. The purpose was to trade with china and india. But many countries had taken over most of teh trade routes.
Giovanni da Verrazano was a famous Florentine explorer. In 1524, he was commissioned by King Francis I to search for a Northwest Passage to Asia through North America.
Polar bears vote at the North Poll.
Byrd was a US naval officer who explored Antarctica and areas around the North Pole -- you could consider him a polar explorer. .
North Passage Point Park was created in 1977.
The Laptev Sea, but other sea's north of Russia are Barents Sea, Kara Sea, and the East Siberian Sea.
Once you get past the Icy Lake on the Empoleon, the castle will be right there. The lake is north of Hia Valley.