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It was Jupiter. The temple was called Aedes Iovi Optimi Maximi Capitolini (Temple of Jupiter the Best on the Capitoline) which is rendered in English as the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus or Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. It was the most important temple in Rome.

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Q: Who was the chief god of the Romans who had a large temple on the capitoline hill?
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Who was the chief god of the Romans who had a large temple on the capitolinehill?

It was Jupiter. The temple was called Aedes Iovi Optimi Maximi Capitolini (Temple of Jupiter the Best on the Capitoline) which is rendered in English as the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus or Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. It was the most important temple in Rome.


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