tom johnson
Middle-class whites flocked to city centers.
Party politics are critical to Congressional organization based in part on two political theories. The predominately two party system of the United States is based on a primary system where representatives compete within their party for nomination as opposed to a direct vote. These processes automatically place these nominees into the dealings of what is known as "the machine," of State and national party platforms and hierarchy. The second theory is that party politics is important to Congressional organization through enforcing party discipline from the whips to maintain a coherent national party strategy and policy positions. Party membership is the guiding factor behind these congressional organization and machination theories.
A reaping machine does the job of a reaper which is harvesting crops with a scythe such as wheat
The Enigma Machine was a German code machine. It allowed German military to send texts in secret, but those codes were broken during WWII.
A political machine is an unofficial system of political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy. Machines sometimes have a boss, and always have a long-term corps of dedicated workers who depend on the patronage generated by government contracts and jobs. Machine politics has existed in many United States cities, especially between about 1875 and 1950, but continuing in some cases down to the present day. It is also common (under the name clientelism or political clientelism) in Latin America, especially in rural areas. Japan's Liberal Democratic Party is often cited as another political machine, maintaining power in suburban and rural areas through its control of farm bureaus and road construction agencies. The key to a political machine is patronage: holding public office implies the ability to do favors (and also the ability to profit from graft). Political machines generally steer away from issues-based politics, favoring a quid pro quo (something for something) with certain aspects of a barter economy or gift economy: the patron or "boss" does favors for the constituents, who then vote as they are told to. Sometimes this system of favors is supplemented by threats of violence or harassment toward those who attempt to step outside of it.
politics and corrupt governments
Samuel M. Jones was the progressive mayor of Toledo, and known as "Golden Rule Jones" for how he treated the poor.Thomas L. Jones was the mayor of Cleveland, and he instituted the first building code in the United States, plus other measures that were considered 'liberal' at the time, but are common-sense today.
Progressives pushed for changes in city governments in order to fight the old "machine politics of Gilded Age.
The Machine's Breaking Down was created in 1990.
enigma was the German code making machine not code breaking ultra was the code breaking machine
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"machine" politics
Harold Foote Gosnell has written: 'Machine politics' -- subject(s): Politics and government, Politics, Practical, Practical Politics 'Boss Platt and his New York machine' -- subject(s): Politics and government, Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919
The rifle
Me!
COLOSSUS
Hatch Act