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In western Europe absolutism was enforced as opposed to Eastern Europe where there was some form of absolutism but not to a full extent it was leaning more towards serfdom.
Monarchs In Europe believed in the divine right of kings and absolutism.
In Eastern and Western Europe
People began to want to overthrow their leaders due to weak leadership and deep debt.
Europe is a continent with over 50 countries. Each of those countries have their own leaders. So there are a lot more than three leaders in Europe.
growing economic power of merchants
Yes. They installed Louis XVIII on the throne and reversed the republican system of France at the time.
Independent nation states developed later in Eastern Europe than in Western Europe because Eastern Europe had little history of self-rule. It had been conquered by Hitler, then the Soviet Union.
The allied leaders want Germans punished for the suffering they had inflicted on the rest of Europe.
No one person leads Europe. Europe is a continent of about 50 independent countries, all of which have their own leaders.
Enlightened Absolutism
Europe is a continent and not a country, therefore it has not one leader but many. Since there are 51 countries in Europe, there are 51 leaders.