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Why alkyl group is an electron donating group when attached to a pi system please explain?
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Alkyl groups show an effect called hyperconjugation. This is essentially the overlap of sigma bonds that are parallel to pi bonds/carbocations. The electron cloud from the hydrogen and carbon sigma bonds is able to coordinate with a pi system that is perpendicular to it. This makes the alkyl group indirectly resonance donating. You have to do some imagining to see the hyperconjugation. If you need help, get a molecular modelling kit or ask your professor.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Alkyl groups are electron donating because they have a lower electronegativity than the atoms in the pi system (such as carbon or nitrogen). The alkyl group donates electron density to the pi system through its sigma bonds, thereby increasing the electron density in the pi system. This electron donation stabilizes the pi system and can affect its reactivity.
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