So the passengers can breath the required percentage of Oxygen needed.
Correct answer, just elaborating...
Above 10,000 ft there isn't enough oxygen in the air to sustain life. Cabins are pressurized so your pulmonary system thinks it's still at a lower altitude. With a higher pressure inside the cabin than outside, the aircraft's fuselage is like a balloon. That's also why cabin door latches don't open unless the pressure is the same inside as outside and why your ears don't 'pop' when the doors are opened after landing.
Below 10,000 ft the air is breathable. That's why bush planes, helicopters, and puddlejumpers aren't pressurized. These aircraft can fly above that altitude, but the pilot will black out unless he/she is on oxygen.
Because at altitudes above 10,000 feet there is not enough air for humans to breathe. Aircraft cabins are pressurised so that the internal pressure is equal to that at about 7,000 feet.
no your gonna die
at ground level
So passengers will feel more comfortable. Higher interior pressure means more economical altitude.
Basically, an aircraft flies, a hovercraft doesn't. An aircraft relies on aerodynamic lift, a hovercraft is "lifted" by a cushion of pressurised air trapped in the plenum chamber.
If it wasn't pressurised there would be no air and the astronauts would die. Of course they could keep their spacesuits on but that would not be comfortable for an extended period of time.
To allow passengers to breathe sufficient oxygen, needed to survive, even in high altitudes.
At 35,000 feet, a human would suffer severe oxygen starvation without a pressurized cabin. Also known as "death". A pressurized cabin in a commercial - or military - airliner is essential at high altitude.
For two reasons: 1. To make the air breathable and comfortable. 2. In conjunction with the above, to keep the temperature at a safe level.
The B-29 Superfortress (pressurized cabins and nuclear capability), Fleet Aircraft Carriers, and Atomic Weapons.
Because the pilots, staff and passengers would pass out from lack of oxygen at the altitudes that aircraft fly best. Aircraft cabins are usually pressurized to 8,000 feet altitude equivalent. This also reduces passenger inner-ear discomfort.
The fuselage of most aircraft is not strong enough to withstand that pressure. The air pressure is very low at high altitudes, and if the inside pressure was set to 0 ft (an extremely high pressure), the fuselage would burst.