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Because H1N1 influenza viruses are not retroviruses. Therefore, they are treated with antivirals instead of antiretrovirals. They are also from different families of viruses. Influenza viruses, like H1N1, are in the viral family called Orthomyxoviridae. Retroviruses are from the viral family Retroviridae. Retroviruses are very different viruses with different methods of replication and, therefore, require different treatment.

The influenza viruses and retroviruses are alike in that they are considered RNA viruses. Some people mistakenly think that the R in RNA stands for retrovirus - it actually stands for Ribonucleic acid. (DNA is Deoxyribonucleic acid). While retroviruses and H1N1 are both RNA viruses (instead of DNA viruses), retroviruses are able to transcribe that RNA into DNA, which is what instructs the cells they infect in the viral replication process. H1N1 does not convert its RNA into DNA. The term "retro" in retrovirus refers to this reversal that makes DNA out of the RNA.

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Q: Why are antiretrovirals not efficacious in treating H1N1 influenza?
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