Because other countries have their own laws.
It's also a challenge because you need to know about the infringement in order to act on it--the local government isn't going to do it for you.
Simple words are not subject to copyright. Perhaps you mean "trademark"? Also, you don't "apply for a copyright" for anything; copyright is automatic, at least in the USA and any of the other 160 countries that follow the Berne Convention.
Yes. Copyright as a legal concept originated in the UK in the early 18th century to combat unregulated copying of books. Nowadays almost every country has their own version of copyright laws, and many are a part of international treaties to enforce copyright law amonst themselves.
The trademark for the company Commercial Blinds is a regular trade mark. A trademark is used to protect small business owners from copyright and other things.
The name cannot be protected by copyright, and has not been registered as a trademark, although common-law trademark would be respected as it has been used in commerce for some time. Images and other content supplied by Boss Chicks would be protected by copyright.
If you have a photograph of an iPhone, there is copyright on the photo itself, belonging to the photographer unless other arrangements were made. If the phone is on, each visible icon would be protected by trademark, but most common uses of the photograph would not infringe the trademark. The name iPhone is protected by trademark, but most common uses of it, for example in this question and answer, would not infringe the trademark.
A trademark is a way to copyright your business or organization so that other people cannot use your name as their own. A trademark is a really good thing to get if you are trying to patent a new invension or design for a new or old product.
No. There may be trademark, privacy, defamation, or libel issues based on how the names are used, but names are not protected by copyright.
Generally mascots and other logos are protected by trademark rather than copyright.
No. It is not copyrightable in that form, and the Tolkien Estate did not trademark it. Therefore anyone is free to use the word, and indeed it does appear in many other sources.
Yes, if you have a copyright in any country covered under a multi-lateral treaty, such as the USA under the Berne Convention, your copyright must be honored and protected by the laws of the other 160 countries under that Convention.
secret
You would be more likely to seek trade secret protection for the formula, and trademark protection for the name, logo, and other indicia.