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The slopes and foothills of volcanoes are often supplied with very mineral rich soil. This population density around such volcanoes is due to this soil as it is some of the best soil around for agricultural cultivation.

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Q: Why are foothills of active volcanoes densly populated?
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Densly packed mineral crystals that sit atop the maculae?

hair cells


How do scientist accurately predict a hurricane?

Hurricanes, also knwon as tyhpoons or tropcial cyclones in diffrerent parts of the world, is one of the most destructive natural hazrads in the world in terms of frequentcy and number of death, especially as 75% of world's population is densly populated within 100km from the coasts. So there is case for predicting the hurricanes, if it is dangerous to human. Prediction of hurricanes are often easier than that of other natural disasters such as earthquakes. Most conventional way is weather records. Past and present data can be used to construct recurrance relations and intervals (though it usually happens anually anyways). This method is relatively cheap, but still, some poor LDCs might not be able to afford it. This method relies on the richness of data, agian, which LDCs may not have. Moreover, it does not have any early warning values as it simply tells likelyhood of hurricanes and fails to precisely measure when and where. With development of technology, satellite images are now more frequently used. Not only it exactly tells us where, it also tells us roughly the size and intensity of the hurricane. However, again, this method is very expensive for LDCs and require specialist knowledge. In addition, though highly precise than weather records, it is still subject to inaccuracy as hurricanes may changes its direction. Nonetheless, for those who can use it, it is very useful tool in predicting hurricanes. The National Weather Service (NWS) and National Hurricane Centre (NHC) forecasted Hurricane Katrina, for example, using satellite image even 56 hours before its land. However, in case of Hurricane Katrina, it suddenly changed its direction slightly before its landing. Lastly, remote sensing can be used. Aircraft can fly over the hurricane and measure humidity, temperature, pressure and other information about hurricane and acquire its intensity before its landing. But again, this method is expensive and require special knowledge and tools, which LDCs may not be able to afford it. So these three ways are how hurricanes are predicted.


What is the destructive power of an atomic bomb?

Answer:The total global nuclear arsenal is about 30,000 nuclear warheads with a destructive capacity of 5,000 megatons (5,000 million tons of TNT). An air burst (detonating a bomb above the surface) would produce far more damage and death via radioactive fallout than one detonating at ground level.A single 100 megaton air burst would be enough to cause a nuclear winter and pollute the Earth for many many years. Theoretically, a 100 megaton bomb detonated below ground could produce a massive earthquake and the constant explosions of a full blown nuclear war may also cause numerous earthquakes around the globe. But this would not destroy the world nor all human life.Globally there are not enough nuclear bombs to completely kill every human. The Tsar Bomb (largest bomb ever detonated) had a fallout of 1000 square kilometres, and was 50 MT. The world is close to 150 million square kilometres, and the human population covers close to 18 million square kilometres.Therefore to get a rough idea we can say hypothetically that the 5000 megatones of nuclear warheads was 100 Tsar Bombs (the same value in megatons). If these bombs were detonated their total radioactive fallout would cover 100,000 square kilometres.It may be surprising to hear that this covers less than 1% of the area that the human population covers, which should give a general idea of the miniscule size of impact this would have on the total world's surface. Therefore it can be shown that we do not have the capacity at the moment to destory the world with nuclear warheads.However, there are factors we have overlooked, which include:- Tsar Bomb has a very small radioactive fallout in comparison with its megatone value- Nuclear wardheads can be assumed to target densly populated locations, and- Nuclear winter which would result in the radioactive falloutTo put curiousty to rest, even if we replaced our Tsar Bomb equation with nuclear warheads that had a higher radioactive yield to fulfill the 5000 megatons gloabl nuclear arsenal we would still not come close to the amount of radioactive fallout required to cover the area the human population covers, let alone destroy the world.If nuclear warheads were targeted at densly populated locations it would increase the fatalities of a nuclear war, however this would still not wipe out humanity, let alone destory the world.Nuclear winter can in lamer terms be contrasted with the ice age. The ice age did not destory the world, and did not wipe out all life, therefore neither would nuclear winter. Humanity is extremley resilient, and although many of the world's population die due to starvation if they did not die from the initial nuclear war or radiation, life will find a way.-----------------------------You forgot to take into account the amount of radiation there would be if more than one detonated at a single time.My U.S. History teacher told us that if 8 nuclear bombs went off at roughly the same time, it would kill 95% of life in planet Earth.


How are typhoons and hurricanes formed?

Hurricanes that hit the US are formed over the Atlantic Ocean by the warm water off the tropical west coast of Africa. The warm water warms the air above it. Hurricanes start as a low pressure area, then the circling winds pick up energy from the warm moist air.Warm air rises. The air cools as it rises, and cannot hold all its moisture. The water condenses out of the air, which is a process that gives off heat. The heat energizes the circling winds to greater speed and height, picking up more moist warm air and pushing the cycle to greater and greater strength.Whenever a hurricane moves over land or cold water, it loses this heat engine and immediately starts to lose its strength.It starts as a Tropical Depression and has an organized circulation, a closed system of thunderstorms and heavy clouds.It becomes a Tropical Storm when the wind speed hits 39 miles per hour (63 km/h).It is an official Hurricane at wind speeds of 74 miles an hour (119 km/h).Hurricanes are called cyclones or typhoons in different parts of the world. They circle counter-clockwise in the northern hemisphere and go clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.


What evidence has lead astronomers to reject the steady state theory?

It is fundamentally flawed in that it requires the existence of dark matter and dark energy to work. However, scientists are unable to prove that either dark matter or dark energy actually exists; which makes the big bang theory at best speculative science fiction, and at worst, taken solely on faith. ____________________ The fact that a theory presents one or more questions or problems to address is not necessarily a flaw; it is part of what good theories do. The theory is based on some relatively straightforward and basic observations suggesting that galaxies are moving away from one another, and that the farther away a galaxy is the faster it is moving. The quick statement of the theory is that if galaxies are moving away from one another now, they likely were closer together in the past, and if we extrapolate back in time, it appears that the expansion outward started roughly 14 billion years ago. The theory does not require dark matter, but it suggests that dark matter/energy may, if they exist, help explain what we are actually observing. So the theory offers a possible explanation of many things that we observe, and it opens up new questions at the same time. It could very well be that the big bang will be soundly toppled one day (certainly accompanied by intense and very entertaining human drama), but the search for dark matter/energy isn't quite enough to can the theory just yet. So dark matter and dark energy pose problems to be studied and resolved (one way or the other) but they are not 'flaws' in the theory itself. Other problems to be worked out are the 'cuspy halo' problem, various problems of symmetry, problems dealing with past and future 'horizons', the flatness of space and the age of the universe. If the model inherent in the big bang theory is ever toppled, it will be because another theory/model is brought forward that offers a more comprehensive explanation of all observations than the big bang does. Certainly, a new model will give rise to as many or more questions than the current theory.

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Some of the best land, and safe water is on the eastern coast of Australia.


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