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Wind instruments are generally used in pairs in orchestras. The horn has a peculiarity in that it was often used as 2 pairs (or 1 pair) into the beginning of the 20th century. The reason for this is the instrument up until around the middle of the 19th century had no valves and had to be tuned to the key of the piece (look up natural or hand horn for a more detailed explanation). Using 2 pairs of horns in different keys allowed the composer to build more complete harmonies. After the introduction of valved horns (the valves allow the instrument to be chromatic, meaning that it could play in all keys without changing the base key of the instrument) natural horns and valved horns were used together, usually 1st and 2nd were natural horn, 3rd and 4th valved (or cor cromatique): the music of Camille Saint-Saens is a good example of this. Currently (and since the mid 20th century) the music generally written for horns in orchestra is as a whole group (instead of 2 pairs), whether it be 2, 3, 4 or more (of course in modern music there are exceptions to every rule!).

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