the atmosphere
Cosmic rays can enter Earth through Mars because Mars has a thinner atmosphere than Earth, allowing cosmic rays to penetrate more easily. The lack of a strong magnetic field on Mars also means there is less protection against cosmic rays compared to Earth. This makes Mars a potential gateway for cosmic rays to reach Earth.
Cosmic rays are continuously present in space - regardless of what day (or year) it is. Luckily, we are protected from cosmic rays on the surface of the Earth by the Earth's atmosphere and magnetic field. A small amount of comic rays can still reach the Earth's surface - particularly at higher altitudes.
Cosmic rays can be extremely dangerous, and exposure to them can cause genetic mutations, cancer, radiation posion, and death. Luckily, life on Earth is largely protected from these harmful effects by the Earth's atmosphere (which stops all cosmic rays with energies below 1 GeV) and the Earth's magnetic field (which deflects cosmic rays).
Cosmic rays.
The Earth's magnetic field acts as a shield, deflecting charged particles (cosmic rays) away from the surface. This helps reduce the intensity of cosmic rays reaching the Earth's surface. However, cosmic rays can still penetrate the atmosphere at higher latitudes where the magnetic field is weaker.
poles
Secondary cosmic rays are the product of collisions with primary cosmic rays. Primary ones are the kind that arrive from space and hit earth - typically air molecules in the upper atmosphere, which creates (and transfers its energy to) other particles, often creating a shower ('air shower') of secondary particles, also of high energy. Even though these products are results of collisions from within the Earth's atmosphere, they are still referred to as cosmic rays, although given the name "Secondary" cosmic rays. Note that secondary cosmic rays' composition or relative composition can differ from the cosmic rays arriving from space; particularly as new particles like muons and pions can be generated.
Cosmic rays can be found throughout the universe, including in space and on Earth. They originate from sources such as supernovae, black holes, pulsars, and other high-energy cosmic events. They constantly bombard Earth's atmosphere, but can also be detected in space by satellites and telescopes.
Cosmic rays are high-energy particles that can penetrate through the human body, potentially causing damage to cells and DNA. Prolonged exposure to cosmic rays can increase the risk of cancer and other health issues. However, Earth's atmosphere provides some protection against cosmic rays, and the risk for most people on the ground is relatively low.
Yes. Our atmosphere blocks cosmic and solar gamma rays.
Plants on earth are affected by UV rays. They are fatal rays of the sun.
Primary cosmic rays generally appear to be fully ionized nuclei of very massive atoms. Secondary cosmic rays are showers of various subatomic particles (e.g. muons) produced in collisions of primary cosmic rays with atomic nuclei of various gasses in earth's upper atmosphere.